Lebanese -Israel Talking To Be In Rome

 Nadene Goldfoot                                                

A sixth round of talks between Israel and Lebanon will take place in Rome today and Wednesday. 

 Leiter, (1969) in Englewood, N.J. 57 yrs old, 

Israeli Ambassador to the U.S., Michael Leiter,  said Israel is continuing to promote the “pilot zones” plan in southern Lebanon, but any further progress and IDF withdrawal will depend on dismantling Hezbollah’s presence on the ground.

The US-brokered Israel-Lebanon peace talks are taking place at the United States Embassy in Rome, Italy. 

The mediator for the talks between Lebanon and Israel is the United States, with mediation efforts led by American officials. Lebanon does not have its own mediator; instead, Lebanese and Israeli delegations are engaging directly through U.S. facilitation. 

The Lebanese delegation participating in the negotiations consists of civilian officials. The key diplomatic representatives include: 

• Nada Hamadeh Moawad, Lebanon's Ambassador to the United States.
  
  
  
• Simon Karam, a Lebanese diplomat and former ambassador to the U.S

The two-day diplomatic meetings are mediated by the United States and focus on implementing a framework agreement, particularly the proposed withdrawal of Israeli troops from two pilot zones in southern Lebanon.

                 Hezbollah terrorists threaten Trump

 Southern Lebanon: Defined under a US-brokered framework agreement, these are designated small areas in southern Lebanon where Israeli forces gradually withdraw and the Lebanese military assumes full operational control, ensuring the disarmament of militant groups like Hezbollah.

Hezbollah firmly rejects disarmament, maintaining that its weapons are essential to defend Lebanon against Israeli aggression,  and that any handover is non-negotiable. While the Lebanese government and the US have pushed for state control of all arms, Hezbollah's leadership continues to demand a permanent Israeli withdrawal and they want guarantees against future attacks before agreeing to any talks.

Because of the gaps between the sides, the current round in Rome is expected to serve as a bridge-building meeting ahead of a larger session with expanded teams next month. 

The Rome round will focus on reviewing progress in the pilot zones mechanism, expanding the Lebanese army’s deployment in the south and continuing security coordination under American mediation.

 A Lebanese diplomatic source familiar with the negotiations told Reuters on Tuesday that “the Lebanese army is ready to gradually take control of the villages from which the IDF withdraws.”

israelAM

https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-902467

Timeline of Jews From 4,000 Years Ago

 Nadene Goldfoot

                                          Judaean Desert

I've discovered that there are many people who have never known of our Jewish history.  They may even think of it as starting in Rome, around 70 AD (anno domini).  

 Horrified, I've made a copy of my own timeline I have done in my blog 'Israel."  Notice, we started back 4,000 years ago in known histories.  Here we go, and I ended at 100 CE-Common Era/AD.  

1391-1271 BCE  from 70 sons, grandsons of Jacob to 611,30 Jews with Moses       

  1010 BCE-970 BCE  King David  of Israel , census of David: c 5,000,000 population
961 BCE to 920 BCE  King Solomon 

721 BCE: Assyrian attack on 10 northern Tribes of Israel, stolen away
597-586 BCE Babylonian Invasion 
          Babylonian exiles returning: 42,360  
167 BCE Revolt of Maccabees against Antiochus the Greek
165 BCE Rededication of Temple by Judas Maccabee (Hanukkah)  From 163 B.C.E. there is evidence of Jews in Rome.  They were probably slaves, Traders?  
139 BCE Jewish community in Rome, expulsed.  Jewish slaves later lived here.  
73 BCE-4 BCE Herod I, the Great, king of Judea appointed by Rome.  When he died, there were uprisings by the people so Roman General Publius Quinctilius Varus crucified 2,000 Jews to quell the uprisings.   

69 BCE:  Cleopatra:  Cleopatra was of Macedonian descent and not a native Egyptian. She was the second daughter of King Ptolemy XII and the last sovereign of her dynasty, which had been founded by Alexander’s general, Ptolemy, in 326 BC. She came to power in 51 BC, at the age of seventeen, and was married to her eldest brother, Ptolemy XIII. 
30 BCE  Herod the Great by Julius Caesar, crucifixions; 25,000 Jews till 70 CE.  
 5 BCE, in Bethlehem, Judea, Roman soldiers stationed in Jerusalem from Greece, Gaul and Syria were following Roman appointed King  Herod's orders to kill all male children under age 2.                                

 1 CE 1st century Abba Sikra zealot in Jerusalem during the revolt against the Romans, alias Ben Batiah.  nephew of R Johanan ben Zakkai, helped to escape from Jerusalem.    In the year 6 CE. there were Jews at Vienne, France and Gallia Celtica which would be today's " Switzerland, France, Luxembourg and the west bank of the Rhine in Germany.".   "The first settlements of Jews in Europe are obscure;  in the year 39 at Lugdunum (i.e. Lyon) which is Lyon, France started in the year 43.  
19 CE Jews again expulsed from Rome. 
29 CE Jesus was crucified during Pontius Pilate's rule; starting the narration of Christianity., About 25,000 Jews crucified by Herod till 70 CE.     
49-50 CE Jews again expulsed from Rome. 
60 CE-Nero ruling: 700,000 Jews in Judea, 1,500,000 Jews scattered in other places.  4,200,00 Jews in the world, most likely less.  
61-63 CE  Jeshua Ben Damna, high priest, appointed by Herod Agrippa II, displaced by Gamla and ensued a struggle, toward end of the siege of Jerusalem of 70 CE fled to the Romans with other members of the priestly families.
c.65 CE  In town of Pekiin, Rabbi Simeon ben Yohai and son Eleazar hid from Romans in a cave for 13 years.

70 CE Jerusalem burned down, Temple destroyed, Jews starved to death before, taken prisoners.   1st Academy (university to educate rabbis) founded set up by Johanan ben Zakkai at Jabneh in Judah, south of Jaffa, reestablished the Great Sanhedrin in Jabneh until 132 of Bar Kokhba's Revolt.  
70 CE families of 24 Cohenim moved to outside of Jerusalem, each family to a different town, where their descendants lived until 1948. One place was near Kiryat Ata, now Shfar Am, an Arab town.  It has an ancient synagogue.  Survivor interviewed by Sandi Zigelman.
                                                                       

  Arch of General Titus, soon to become emperor,  Menorah Relief; Romans taking away Menorah, other things from Jerusalem Temple, taking 97,000 slaves from Judaea in 70 CE

66-73 CE Judaea which was a Roman Province had the first Jewish-Roman War.  The Sadducees and Pharisees fought against the Roman Empire.  The Jewish commanders and leaders were Ananus ben Ananus, Eliezar ben Hanania, Josef ben Matityahu, and Simon Bar Giora.  In the early stage the Roman guard had 3,000 against 10,000 under Ananus and 15,000 under Bar Giora.  The Romans Syrian Legion had 30,000 in Beth Horon while there were only 500 Adiabene warriors fighting for Judaea.  Eleazar had 20,000 Idumeans fighting.  6,000 were under John and 2,400 were under Eleazar, who were the radical factions.  Then the Romans brought out 5 Legions of 60,000 to 80,000 men at the Jerusalem siege.  Judaea had about 200 Sicarii fighting.  20,000 Roman soldiers were killed while 25,000 to 30,000 Judean rebels were killed and 10,000 radical factions.  In the end, 1.1 million Jewish militant and civilians were killed and 97,000 were enslaved and most likely taken to Rome. 

72 CE 12,000 Jews taken as slaves from Judah to Rome to build the Colosseum under Vespasian.  

Masada in 73 CE Herod's Palace, where 960 Jewish Sicarii (Jewish zealots armed with small daggers) had been living in refuge, committed suicide after 3 months of being sieged by Roman Legion led by Lucius Flavius Silva with 15,000 troops.  1 woman, 5 children escaped.  Story told by Josephus.

From 37  to 100 CE, the land of Judah had been occupied by the Romans as told by Flavius Josephus, a Jewish Historian who was captured by the Romans.  He was hired to write the history of their occupation in the Jewish land.  Individual Jews lived in France before 70 CE.   "The Romans destroyed the Jews' 2nd Temple in Jerusalem and took over the city in 70 CE.  They burned Jerusalem down and took away Jews as slaves for Rome while many others fled. Many  people of Judah had scattered to the 4 winds but  a number were able to remain in Judah.  Organized Jewish communities existed in France in the period of the Roman Empire.  Their position deteriorated with the growth of Christianity and its powers.

"As the siege of the capital, Jerusalem,  in the year 70 began on the day of the Passover sacrifice (V, 13, 7, VI, 9, 3), to which naturally many thousands of pilgrims had arrived from all parts of the country, the number of the besieged was very great. Among them were many from beyond the Euphrates and other foreign lands (Dio Cassius, 66. 4). 1,100,000 men perished during the siege, 97,000 were taken captive (VI, 9, 3); of these only 40,000 were preserved (8, 2), all citizens of Jerusalem (8, 2), the rest were sold for slaves, some sent into the mines in Egypt (9, 2), others distributed among the provinces for the circuses."and where did the 40,000 settle after having been allowed to go where they liked ?

Josephus mentions one of the four sons of the high priest Matthias , the high priests Joseph and Jesus, and three sons of the high priest Ishmael, four sons of a Matthias, and many other nobles who succeeded in escaping from the besieged capital to the Romans (VI, 2, 2). 

Many of the eminent citizens ran away to Titus (V, 13, 7) and told him the number of the poor who had died. Titus allowed these to retire to Gofna; there, he said, they should stay till his hands would be free from the war, when he would restore to them their property. Among the numerous deserters was the priest Jesus, son of Thebuthi , who surrendered many costly vessels of the Temple, as well as the curtains and the robe of the high priest. The treasurer of the Temple also fell into the hands of the Romans and was exceptionally pardoned in exchange for valuable stuff, priestly garments, and costly spices.

 Already, after Cestius's defeat in the year 66, many of the nobles had left Jerusalem as if it were a sinking ship; for instance, the two brothers Costobarus and Saul, along with Phillip, son of Jakimos, who had been a general of Agrippa's troops (II, 20, 1). 

After the entry of the Romans into Jerusalem,  Titus liberated all those Jews who had been thrown into prison by zealots (VI, 9.1); they also most probably belonged to the wealthy section of the population.   It may be assumed as almost certain that the members of both groups, of the priestly and of the lay nobility of Jerusalem, at the conclusion of the war received their landed property, and assisted the poor country of Judaea in recovering from its terrible downfall. 

Where they settled is nowhere indicated by Josephus; he lived in Rome and seemed to evince no interest in the state of his native country after the destruction. It is possible that, though owning land in Judaea, some of the nobles settled outside Judaea, as Josephus, who, in exchange for his fields near Jerusalem, received from Titus others in the plain, and was rewarded by Vespasian by additional property in Judaea 

Jews Around The World To Italy With Sweaters and Diesel:

 Nadene Goldfoot                                             

                                              Adrian Goldschmied  

I have a sweater, actually a man's sweater, with the word, Diesel on the front left side.  It was a present from my daughter-in-law.  I wondered what sport and team Diesel was?  So, after a year, decided to use google on my computer and check it out.  What a surprise!  It's the name of a sweater company!  They do make men's sweaters;  very very expensive men's sweaters!                                 

     Trieste  is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy, but at one time belonged to Slovenia, where Melania, President Donald Trump's wife was from.  Trieste was part of the Province of Trieste, which included parts of present-day Slovenia from 1920 until World War II.

Aadriano Goldschmied is the cause of this sweater.  He was born in 1944 in Trieste to an Ashkenazi Jewish family, whose assets were appropriated (taken away) (stolen)in 1942 during WWII. Later, some of these assets were reconveyed (given back)  to his family.  When Italy joined the Axis powers in WWII, Jewish people in Italy faced increasing persecution, with the Fascist government enacting discriminatory laws, eventually leading to the internment of many Jews in concentration camps; after the German occupation of Italy in 1943, large-scale deportations of Italian Jews to Nazi death camps began, resulting in the murder of thousands of Italian Jews during the Holocaust. 

Adriano Goldschmied (born 1944, Trieste, Italy) is an Italian fashion designer who focuses on denim jeans. He is known as "the Godfather of denim" and is the originator of "premium denim". The founder of Diesel, he also created Replay, Gap 1969, Agolde, Goldsign, and AG Adriano Goldschmied. 

And I thought that Denim was the invention of a Gold miner in California or Alaska!  Levi Strauss & Co  consider May 20, 1873 the “birthday” of blue jeans, because although denim pants had been around as workwear for many years, it was the act of placing rivets in these traditional pants for the first time that created what we now call jeans.

Goldschmied is currently the owner of House of Gold, a creative textile company with the purpose of bringing innovative fabrics to the market.

With initial dreams of becoming a competitive skier, he opened up a store in Cortina d'Ampezzo in 1970. This was a springboard for beginning his own denim company.

Since 1996, he has lived principally in Los Angeles and Milan. His daughter, Marta Goldschmied, has launched her own denim line, MADE GOLD Denim.

Ashkenazi Jews came about when the Romans destroyed Jerusalem by fire, burning down Solomon's 2nd Temple and the city in 70 CE.  They had starved people, then taken those alive as slaves back to Rome.  The Arch of Titus in Rome shows how they had slaves carry the loot they had from the Temple on the trek back to Rome.  The slaves were from Judaea, the last state of the the Kingdom of Israel left which included Jerusalem.  From the name, Judaea, comes "Jews."  Judaea is a historic region in the Levant that is now part of Israel and Gaza It was a Roman province from 6–132 CE. The name comes from the Hebrew name:  Yehudah-translated "Jews."                                

Jews lived in Trieste since 1236. After Trieste sided with Austria in 1382, Jewish people from Germany, some subjects to the Austrian dukes while others to local princes, came to live in Italy.

The nucleus of Jewish Trieste was, for much of the next few centuries, formed by Ashkenazi moneylenders, such as Solomon of Nuremberg, who signed a contract with the city to reside as the "public banker". Other Jewish families resided in Trieste under the protections and privileges granted by various Holy Roman emperors, in exchange for services of "goods and blood" during times of war; these included sovereign justice, the right to practice Judaism unmolested, the right to residence in any town where Jews already lived, which included Vienna, immunity from any taxes not levied on Christian merchants, and others.

 Although most Triestine Jews were not of Italian origin, they rallied to the unification of Italy. The peace settlement brought Trieste into the Kingdom of Italy in 1919. Immigration swelled Jewish numbers to 6,000; Jews were prominent in the city's economy and assimilation spread unchecked.

I'm an Ashkenazi with the surname of Goldfus, anglicized to Goldfoot in England.  Am I related to Adrian?  Only DNA testing could tell that, but his name is interesting and similar.  Goldschmidt is in JE (Jewish Encyclopedia) which holds 10 biographies from 19th century Germany and Denmark. LBl (Leo Baeck Institute Bibliobek) has family trees beginning in 1397, 1520, 1621, 1732, 1758, 1762, 1777, and 1812.  CA (California State Archives ?) has a family tree from Germany, 1623,  and on and on.  Also see "Die Familie Gokldschmidt, Oldenburg," by Gerhard  Ballin...English variations are:  Goldsmid, Goldsmith;  Dutch has Goldsmit and Polish is Goldszmidt.  

Many Jewish surnames that include names of metals, such as "Silver," "Gold," "Copper," or "Iron," often have historical and cultural roots. Here are a few reasons for this phenomenon:

1. Occupational Names: In many cases, these surnames originated from occupations. For example, individuals who worked with precious metals or in related trades might have taken on surnames reflecting their profession, like "Goldsmith" or "Silversmith."
2. Symbolism and Status: Metals, especially precious ones like gold and silver, have historically been associated with wealth, status, and durability. Adopting such surnames could reflect aspirations for prosperity or serve as a means of social mobility.
3. Cultural Influence: In some regions, particularly in Eastern Europe, Jews were often restricted in the types of occupations they could hold. Many turned to trades in metalworking, leading to the adoption of metal-related surnames.
4. Naming Conventions: In various cultures, including Jewish communities, it was common to use descriptive names based on characteristics, trades, or attributes. Metals could denote strength, value, or craftsmanship.  Gold + fus?  Fus in Yiddish is foot; and fuss is German used as endings.  It sounds like our ancestors walked to find gold, or-our feet medical bills were costing us an arm and a leg/foot !  😄  

References

update: 2:50pm 2/18/25

Book: Finding Our Fathers by Dan Rottenberg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriano_Goldschmied

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Trieste#:~:text=Although%20most%20Triestine%20Jews%20were,economy%20and%20assimilation%20spread%20unchecked.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Trieste

How We Got Involved With Gaza: The 133 Year Time Span Causing The Bloody Gazan War: 1, 891 Years Earlier

 Nadene Goldfoot                                                 

       2nd Temple of Solomon or Herod's Temple was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem, in use between c. 516 BCE and its destruction in 70 CE, in use over 586 years !  

Rome had discovered Judah in about 63 BCE and established themselves there by occupation, taking over from the Greeks who had overwhelmed them earlier.  General Pompey of Rome held a siege of Jerusalem in 63 BCE and had entered the area called the HOLY OF HOLIES, of the 2nd Temple of Solomon. The Romans ruled Judea as a vassal kingdom and a province until the First Jewish–Roman War in 66–73 CE.  They occupied the land for 133 years before destroying it with fire in 70 CE.  

The Holy of Holies, (Kodesh haKedoshim), is the most sanctified place in the Mikdash. It housed the Ark of the Covenant and the Two Tablets of the law. Only the Kohen Gadol (High Priest) was permitted to enter here, and only on Yom Kippur.  

The Purpose of the Holy of Holies :

• The Holy of Holies was the dwelling-place of the "name" of God 
• The Ark of the Covenant represented the throne of the Lord 
•                                                             
  
  John Hyrcanus II (died 30 bc, Jerusalem) was the high priest of Judaea from 76 to 40 bcE, and, with his brother Aristobulus II, last of the Maccabean (Hasmonean) dynastic rulers.             
  

• Pompey had entered the temple:  a sacriIege,  but left the treasure. Hyrcanus II was appointed High Priest and Antipater the Idumaean is appointed governor by the Romans.  When his father, Alexander Jannaeus, died in 76,BCE Hyrcanus was appointed high priest, and on his mother’s death in 67 BCE he assumed the rulership of Judaea. After a troubled reign of three months, his warlike brother Aristobulus drove him from power.
• Antipater (died 43 bcE) was the Idumaean founder of the Herodian dynasty in Judaea.  Antipater gained power in Judaea by making himself useful to the Romans.  In return for Antipater’s support, Caesar appointed him procurator of Judaea. Although Antipater was assassinated by a political rival, his son, Herod I the Great, was later made king of Judaea by the Romans.
• 
  
• 57–55 BCE: Aulus Gabinius, proconsul of Syria, split the former Hasmonean Kingdom into five districts of legal and religious councils known as sanhedrin based at Jerusalem, Sepphoris (Galilee), Jericho, Amathus (Perea) and Gadara.                                    
  
  
  
• During the Roman period in Judea, the Sanhedrin primarily functioned in Jerusalem within the Temple Mount complex, although after the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE, the Sanhedrin is documented to have relocated to the city of Yavne where they were allowed to continue their judicial activities under Roman oversight; this was facilitated by Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai who negotiated with the Roman emperor,  Vespasian, to establish the Sanhedrin in Yavne. 
• Function: The Sanhedrin served as the highest Jewish court, responsible for interpreting Jewish law and adjudicating legal disputes. 
• Roman oversight: While the Sanhedrin had autonomy in Jewish legal matters, their activities were ultimately subject to Roman authority.                                
  
• 
  

Gaza was was besieged and taken by the Hasmoneans in 96 BCE.

Gaza was rebuilt by Roman General Pompey Magnus, and granted to Herod the Great thirty years later in 66 BCE. Throughout the Roman period, Gaza maintained its prosperity, receiving grants from several different emperors. A diverse, 500-member senate governed the city during this time.

Gaza was granted to Herod the Great by Roman emperor Augustus in 30 BCE, where it formed a separate unit within his kingdom; and Cosgabar, the governor of Idumea, was in charge of the city's affairs. On the division of Herod's kingdom, it was placed under the proconsul of Syria.

 After Herod's death in 4 BCE, Augustus annexed it to the Province of Syria. In 66 CE/AD, Gaza was burned down by Jews during their rebellion against the Romans. However, it remained an important city; even more so after the destruction of Jerusalem by Titus the following year. Titus passed through Gaza on his march toward to Jerusalem, and again in his return. Following Jerusalem's fall, captives were sold into slavery in Gaza.

 Conversion to Christianity in the city was spearheaded and completed under Saint Porphyrius, who destroyed its eight pagan temples between 396 and 420 CE/AD. Gaza was conquered by the Muslim general Amr ibn al-'As in 637 CE/AD and most Gazans adopted Islam during early Muslim rule. 

Throughout the Roman period, Gaza was a prosperous city and received grants and attention from several emperors. It was governed by a diverse 500-member senate. Gaza's mint stamped out coins adorned with the busts of gods and emperors, including Gordian III. During his visit in 130 CE, Emperor Hadrian, who favored Gaza, personally inaugurated wrestling, boxing and oratorical competitions in Gaza's new stadium. The city was adorned with many pagan temples, the main cult being that of Marnas. Other temples were dedicated to Zeus, Helios, Aphrodite, Apollo, Athena, and Tyche. With the suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–136 CE), Jewish captives were sold as slaves in Gaza.

History shows that Gaza was never a good place for Jews between the Philistines and the Romans.  Look at who had lived there and how they were ruled.  

Over half of the Palestinian Arab population fled or urged to leave by their leadership. Jordan and Egypt controlled the rest of the territory assigned by resolution 181 to the Arab State. In the 1967 war, Israel occupied these territories (Gaza Strip and the West Bank) including East Jerusalem, which was subsequently annexed by Israel.  1967 Six Day War was when Israel was attacked by all Arabs, but won.  They later held the famous meeting of No, No, No in Kartoum, Africa, refusing any peace accords with Israel.

 In 2005, Israel withdrew its settlers and troops from Gaza while retaining control over its borders, seashore and airspace. Following Palestinian legislative elections of 2006, the Quartet conditioned assistance to the PA on its commitment to nonviolence, recognition of Israel, and acceptance of previous agreements. Gaza remained a fighting terrorizing group of masked killers from Arafat till October 7th, 2004 and continue.  

After an armed takeover of Gaza by Hamas in 2007, Israel imposed a blockade. The Annapolis process of 2007-2008 failed to yield a permanent status agreement. Escalating rocket fire and air strikes in late 2008 culminated in Israeli ground operation “Cast Lead” in Gaza. The UN Security Council adopted resolution 1860. Violations of international law during the Gaza conflict were investigated by the UN (“Goldstone report“).

Resource:

https://www.un.org/unispal/history/#:~:text=Over%20half%20of%20the%20Palestinian,was%20subsequently%20annexed%20by%20Israel.