Sunday, January 30, 2022

UKRAINE: Between a Rock and a Hard Place, The Story of It's History

 Nadene Goldfoot                                             

      Kiev, Ukraine as it looks during peacetime.  

Ukraine is one of those eastern European countries where Jews lived.  They fled here  from Khazaria, the Caliphate, and Byzantinium between the 9th and 12th centuries, and then from Central Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries.  Jews also fled here from Poland in the  16th to 17th centuries.  Jews died here in severe massacres during 17th to 18th centuries.  It's a country that was always an anti-Semitic center.  By 1905 through 1920, many pogroms happened here.  Why any of our ancestors kept trying to live here is beyond my imagination.  

                                                  

   
  Zelensky was also a TV star and lawyer:  Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy is a Ukrainian actor, comedian and politician who is the 6th and current president of Ukraine since 20 May 2019. Prior to his acting career, Zelensky obtained a degree in law from Kyiv National Economic University.

I never thought I'd live to see the president of Ukraine be a Jewish man, a comedian at that.  You'd have to be a comedian to be Jewish and be the president here to see the humor in life.  Zelensky is young and vibrant.  He's not alone.  Though most Jews have already moved to Israel, some, like his family, are still there.  

For three seasons, the 41-year-old Jewish comedian starred as President Vasyl Petrovych Holoborodko on his show “Servant of the People.” When Zelensky, who has no prior political experience, launched his bid for president last year, he named his party after the popular series and ran with a populist, anti-corruption platform that largely matched that of his character.

In 1914, World War I happened, ending in 1918. In the aftermath of World War I and the revolutionary upheavals that followed, Ukrainian territories were divided among four states. Bukovina was annexed to Romania. Transcarpathia was joined to the new country of Czechoslovakia. 

WWII started in 1939 in Europe and ended in 1945. After World War II, the western part of Ukraine merged into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, and the whole country became a part of the Soviet Union. Ukraine gained its independence in 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. 

Ukraine officially declared itself an independent country on 24 August 1991, when the communist Supreme Soviet (parliament) of Ukraine proclaimed that Ukraine would no longer follow the laws of USSR and only the laws of the Ukrainian SSR, de facto declaring Ukraine's independence from the Soviet Union.

In February and March 2014, Russia invaded and subsequently annexed the Crimean Peninsula from Ukraine. This event took place in the aftermath of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution and is part of the wider Russo-Ukrainian conflict.  Protests originally erupted in November 2013 after President Viktor Yanukovych refused to sign a political association and free trade agreement with the European Union at a meeting of the Eastern Partnership in Vilnius, Lithuania, choosing closer ties with Russia instead.    (oh ho...)   

  The Russians drill for the hour that will be a spark in a dry forest.  Here they are at the Kadamovskiy firing range in the Rostov region in southern Russia on Jan. 13, 2022., 17 days ago. (AP)

Here we are again with  127,000 Russians are at the border of Ukraine according to the UN's latest figures, daring a move to let them say that Ukraine started the war, and they will enter and take it back.  Evidently they are out to create the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) all over again. From the border, it's a fast 140 miles down a newly paved highway to Kyiv, the Ukrainian capital, but only a few troops stand guard.                

US Ambassador to the UN Linda Thomas-Greenfield, speaking during UN event in September. AFP

We know Russia's playbook,” the US ambassador said.“We know it includes measures beyond overt military action. It often starts with cyber attacks, paramilitary activity, disinformation campaigns intended to obscure the facts and create a pretext for their own aggression, and other efforts to destabilize their target."  (I think we're past that phase.  They're there, at the border.  They're brought in more troops.  I don't see any UN troops).  “We have an obligation to protect our staff," she continued.  "And we've been very, very clear that we see the situation deteriorating, and we want to make sure that we put our staff in a place where they feel protected,” she said.  (I guess 127,000 troops on the border isn't that scary, just to me).                                             

A satellite image shows snow-dusted Russian military vehicles parked in Yelnya, Russia, on January 19. Yelnya is in Russia's northwestern Smolensk Oblast, around 120 kilometers from the border with Belarus, and 260 kilometers (161 miles) from Ukraine.  

Ukraine sees that Russia is adding to their arsenal of personnel and weaponry as each day passes.  

President Joe Biden has decided to send 5,000 troops, battleships, bombers and interception planes to the Baltic region and East Europe in response to the Russian military buildup on the Ukraine border.  What is 5,000 versus over 100,000?  A drop in the bucket.  Is this going to play out like when the UN forces were asked by Egypt to leave and they did when Israel was in the same position?  

                                          


 Moscow: We will respond appropriately. Biden’s decision came out of a top-level conference with Pentagon and military officials at Camp David on Saturday, Jan. 22.

How did you think Moscow would react?  They're the ones aggressively lined up at the border.  Why?  What did he think the rest of the world would react?  Did he forget how Russia felt when Germany invaded Poland?  Remember, Russia and Germany fought each other in WWII.  Now Russia is acting just like Germany did in 1939.  

Resource:

The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia

https://forward.com/culture/423025/ukraine-president-volodymyr-zelensky-jewish-comedian-trump-impeachment/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation#:~:text=In%20February%20and%20March%202014,the%20wider%20Russo%2DUkrainian%20conflict.

https://www.rferl.org/a/satellite-photos-russia-ukraine-troop-buildup/31662944.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/01/15/heres-what-we-know-about-russias-military-buildup-near-ukraine/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ukraine


Saturday, January 29, 2022

Trump and Ukraine-Russia Events like Ozark on Netflicks

 Nadene Goldfoot                                              

                         Ukrainian President, Volodymyr Zelensky, comedian 

Remember when President Trump asked Ukrainian President, Volodymyr Zelensky, on July 2019, to investigate Joe Biden?  Joe was then Trump's opponent in the 2020 presidential election.  Joe's son, Hunter Biden and the company, CrowdStrike, a cybersecurity firm,  were to be investigated and to discuss matters with Rudy Giullani, Trumps personal attorney and William Barr, the Attorney General.  Allegations had been made against the Biden or Bidens.  Trump had been told that the Bidens were involved with the American company, CrowdStrike, but that hasn't been proven. 

                                               

          Hunter Biden and father Joseph Biden  

Trump admitted that he had told Zelensky that "we don't want our people like VP Biden and his son contributing to corruption that's already in the Ukraine.  Joe's son had a business in Ukraine.  Trump was said to be pressuring Ukraine into this investigations which may have included Trump cancelling a scheduled trip to Ukraine by VP Mike Pence and Trump withholding $400 million dollars in military aid from Ukraine.  

The business was that Biden's son Hunter Biden joined the board of directors of Burisma Holdings, a Ukrainian energy company, on April 18, 2014. Hunter, then an attorney with Boies Schiller Flexner, was hired to help Burisma with corporate governance best practices, and a consulting firm in which Hunter is a partner was also retained by Burisma. 

In a December 2015 interview, Joe Biden said he had never discussed Hunter's work at Burisma. Joe Biden traveled to Ukrainian capital Kyiv on April 21, 2014, and urged the Ukrainian government "to reduce its dependence on Russia for supplies of natural gas". He discussed how the United States could help provide technical expertise for expanding domestic production of natural gas.

KIEV (Reuters) - During his time on the board of one of Ukraine’s largest natural gas companies, Hunter Biden, the son of former U.S. Vice-President Joe Biden, was regarded as a helpful non-executive director with a powerful name, according to people familiar with Biden’s role at the company.

What I make out of this:

1. Joe told Ukraine to buy USA expertise about natural gas, not Russia.

2. Hunter was a partner and attorney with Burisma, the Ukrainian energy company. Both Joe and Hunter are there about natural gas.  They couldn't help but do this;  talk about it together-outside.   

Since 2012, the Ukrainian prosecutor general had been investigating Burisma's owner, oligarch Mykola Zlochevsky, over allegations of money launderingtax evasion.

                Jason Bateman (Marty Byrde)  of Ozark just gets in deeper and deeper corruption.    (At this point the reader should watch Ozark on Net-flix, which is an exciting series- all about money-laundering,  and where it leads to.) 

President Trump was impeached by Congress on charges of abuse of power and obstructing Congress. The articles of impeachment were referred to the Senate, which held a trial over twenty days from January 16 to February 5, 2020. Trump was acquitted on both charges by the Republican-controlled Senate, with the vote split along party lines. 

Maine senator Susan Collins, who emerged as a key figure during the impeachment trial owing to her perceived willingness to break with her party, defended the acquittal as she believed Trump had learned from the trial and would not attempt to solicit foreign interference in future.

Donald Trump has accused President Joe Biden of giving Russia the "green

 light" to invade Ukraine. Speaking to Fox News on Thursday, the former

 president criticized Biden's remarks during a press conference about the 

buildup of Russian troops next to the border with Ukraine.

                                                     


Biden suggested on Wednesday that a "minor incursion" ordered by 

President Vladimir Putin would result in a softer response from Washington

 than a full-scale invasion. The comments sparked alarm in Kyiv and were 

quickly walked back by the White House.  

There are 100,000 Russian  troops lined up at the border.  With that, anything 

cannot be a soft response.  It can easily be WWIII.  Israel is poised and ready

to rescue any Ukranian Jews who want to change countries and live in Israel.

The President, Zelensky might be ready for such a change but chances are 

he'll stay.

Trump said this would never happen under his presidency.  Trump's remarks 

come after Russia recently told the U.S. to stop providing military aid to 

Ukraine, warning it had "almost completed" assembling 127,000 troops at 

the Ukrainian border.  


Resource:

****https://jewishbubba.blogspot.com/2019/10/all-about-ukraine-trump-and-joe-biden.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal

https://www.newsweek.com/trump-says-russia-ukraine-tensions-would-never-have-happened-under-his-presidency-1672311

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/25/us/politics/crowdstrike-ukraine.html

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hunter-biden-ukraine/what-hunter-biden-did-on-the-board-of-ukrainian-energy-company-burisma-idUSKBN1WX1P7





Why We Need to Learn About the Holocaust and How Viruses Are Spread into a Pandemic: Schools' Curriculums In Today's Age

 Nadene Goldfoot                                         


In the United States, the states of Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Texas;  a total of 16 states have mandatory Holocaust education.   You don't see Tennessee teaching about the Holocaust.  They just banned a book, Maus, that does just that, teaches about the Holocaust that teen-agers would like.  

The following states require Holocaust education as part of their secondary school curricula.  Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin, 23 states out of 50, not even a full half.  

 As a retired teacher, I'm all for teaching about the most horrid historic event in the world.  It was in my lifetime ! My grandparents came to the USA before it happened in the early 1900s.  I'm appalled to think that after 77 years when this came to an end, there are adults in our country who have never heard about it, or who it affected or how it happened to start. Since it happened once, we don't want to see it ever happen again to ANY group of people.  The only way to keep something like this at bay is education.  Know about it.  Keep it from happening again.  It's the most important  but horrid event in World History.       

  • "Maus” author Art Spiegelman spoke to CNBC after a school board in Tennessee voted to ban his landmark graphic novel about the Nazis’ persecution of Jews. The Jan. 10 vote by the McMinn County School Board only began attracting attention Wednesday.  
  •  Art Spiegelman, born Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev Spiegelman on February 15, 1948).  Spiegelman was born  in StockholmSweden.
  •  He immigrated with his parents who were born in Poland to the US in 1951.   Art is an American cartoonist, editor, and comics advocate best known for his graphic novel Maus. His work as co-editor on the comics magazines Arcade and Raw has been influential, and from 1992 he spent a decade as contributing artist for The New Yorker.                                        
    Spiegelman visited the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1979 as research for Maus; his parents had been imprisoned there.
  •                                                
          Maus was the 1st graphic novel to win a Pulitzer Prize.  
  • It comes amid a number of battles in school systems around the country as conservatives target curriculums over teachings about the history of slavery and racism in America.  “I’m kind of baffled by this,” Spiegelman said.

As of December 2021, laws mandating education in the Holocaust were on the books in Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, the Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.      

It's taken 77 years to get such laws passed so that students grow up knowing about the Holocaust.  California was the first to start which they did in 1985.  

California1985California Education Code Section 51220Instruction shall provide a foundation for understanding ... human rights issues, with particular attention to the study of the inhumanity of genocide, slavery, and the Holocaust, and contemporary issues.

 Texas has a week of studying about the Holocaust.  they just started in 2018.  

Texas2018SB 1828Holocaust Remembrance Week shall include age-appropriate instruction, as determined by each school district. Instruction shall include: (1) information about the history of and lessons learned from the Holocaust; (2) participation, in person or using technology, in learning projects about the Holocaust; and (3) the use of materials developed or approved by the Texas Holocaust and Genocide Commission.

   Oregon just started teaching about the Holocaust last year.  There are many companies who have books for children that teach about the Holocaust.  Scholastic is one of them.  One of the most unimaginable tragedies of our time, the Holocaust can be a difficult subject to both teach and discuss.                    

The 24 carefully curated books on this list can be used in a variety of ways to help students understand both the history and the cultural significance of this grave time period in human history. This list includes gripping first-person accounts from historical figures like Anne Frank and Elie Wiesel; moving stories of heroic rescues from both adult and children survivors; and award-winning, bestselling Holocaust fiction like Lois Lowry's Number the Stars and Marcus Zusak's The Book Thief. This collection is a essential resource for any classroom library.                                                                    

Oregon2019SB 664Requires school districts to provide instruction about Holocaust and genocide beginning with 2020–2021 school year.

This means that there are 31 states who are not going to teach about the Holocaust like the stand Tennessee has chosen.  Last week, Republican Marjorie Taylor Greene compared House Speaker Nancy Pelosi's decision to continue to require members of the House to wear masks on the chamber floor to steps Nazis took to control the Jewish population during the Holocaust. Her comments were swiftly condemned. 
                                               
 
 She had the audacity, the chutzpa, to use the most horrible group, Nazis, who ever existed on this planet, to compare with a member of our government who's trying to follow the scientist's advice on dealing with the worst pandemic on this planet which is wiping out thousands of people, getting close to a million. How can she possibly think that asking people to protect each other by wearing masks during the worst pandemic ever experienced is anything like the treatment that Nazis acted towards Jews?  
This is what has happened to a town without any Holocaust education, anti-Semitism.  This should never happen in the USA.  
“Though a great deal has been done, it is alarmingly clear that 77 years after the liberation of Auschwitz, the shock is wearing off,” Herzog said at Yad Vashem in Jerusalem on Thursday evening. “We are seeing a surge in antisemitic assaults online; a normalization of antisemitic terminology in mainstream media; and an introduction of social media platforms refocused on Jew hatred to newer, younger audiences.”

Besides killing 6 million of us, they were excruciatingly cruel in their treatment of the people before they were killed!   

In the United States, more than 73.2 million Corona virus cases have been reported, according to Johns Hopkins University, and more than 877,000 people have died from the virus in the U.S. I note that Greene is from Georgia, a state not teaching about the Holocaust.  Do they teach science?  Sorry, Georgia, but just as children are representatives of their family, your Marjory is a representative of your state.  

 I have a cousin in Illinois who is still suffering from getting the Corona virus, and he is miserable, very angry from still going through such suffering.  How does Greene think we'll ever get over this pandemic if we don't stop the virus's capability to get into our system? We're in a new era, and we have to accept it and deal with it as best we can.   


Resource:

THE HOLOCAUST by Martin Gilbert

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/republicans-take-sides-for-a-trump-fueled-tug-of-war-over-russia/ar-AATeU2G?ocid=msedgdhp&pc=U531

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_requiring_teaching_of_the_Holocaust#:~:text=In%20the%20United%20States%2C%20the,states%20have%20mandatory%20Holocaust%20education.

https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/26/tennessee-school-board-bans-holocaust-comic-maus-by-art-spiegelman.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Spiegelman

https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/29/us/holocaust-marjorie-taylor-greene-states-trnd/index.html

https://www.ajc.com/news/coronavirus-how-many-people-have-died-from-the-virus-the/mYlJ0bpc9DVgb2scSJGlEM/

https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/teaching-tools/book-lists/24-books-for-teaching-the-holocaust.html

https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/rep-majorie-taylor-greene-shouts-aoc-outside-house-accuses-democrat-n1267206

Friday, January 28, 2022

Tucker Carlson of Fox News On Russia's Side in Invading Ukraine

 Nadene Goldfoot                                             


 Tucker Carlson of Fox has been repeatedly giving his support for Vladimir Putin's threatened invasion of the rest of Ukraine !  How can anyone in the USA agree with a Nazi-type move of invading another's country?  First off, Tucker must have failed in geography in school.  Then he should have failed in history as well.             

  Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest country by area in Europe after Russia, which it borders to the east and north-east.   It spans an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi), with a population of 41.3 million, and is the eighth-most populous country in Europe.  It's about twice as large and more populous than Poland was in 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland.  The nation's capital and largest city is Kyiv.                           

OSCE SMM monitoring the movement of heavy weaponry in eastern Ukraine, 4 March 2015

The USA didn't ignore Europe's pleas of help in 1914 or 1941 during the 1st or the 2nd world war.  When a dictator comes for another, they are also going to get around to us as well. In other words, "When they come for any of us they come for all of us. " Wouldn't we want help from others if we were invaded and harmed first?  This happens to be the Golden Rule of life.  "Don't do to others that which you don't want to happen to you."

The United States learned this lesson in The War of 1812.  The War of 1812 moved us into the modern era.  We become equal globally and foreshadowed a future of superiority to the other global powers.  At the time we were only 36 years old.  It was the result of that war that showed us that we had a position in the world.  What does Carlson think, that we can suddenly go neutral?  

President of Georgia Salome ZurabishviliPresident of Moldova Maia SanduUkrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and European Council President Charles Michel during the 2021 International Conference in Batumi. In 2014, the EU signed association agreements with all three countries.

For many states, such as Ireland and Sweden, neutrality does not mean the absence of any foreign interventionism. Peacekeeping missions for the United Nations are seen as intertwined with it. The Swiss electorate rejected a 1994 proposal to join UN peacekeeping operations. Despite this, 23 Swiss observers and police have been deployed around the world in UN projects.

Seems that Tucker Carlson is telling his viewers to ignore the Nazi-like ambition of the Hungarian Prime Minister, Viktor Orban.         

Another message he is giving out is "How insidious Jews are secretly controlling the world, and only through fighting them  can the Western civilization be saved.  He's promoting anti-Semitism!  

                                                                          

Greenblatt is the grandson of a Holocaust survivor. He is married to Marjan Keypour Greenblatt, an Iranian Jewish political refugee to the United States who is the founder and director of The Alliance for Rights of All Minorities (ARAM), a non-profit. They have three children.

"It cannot be overstated enough," ADL CEO Jonathan Greenblatt tweeted Friday. "For @TuckerCarlson, host of one of the most watched news programs in the country, to use his platform as a megaphone to spread the toxic and xenophobic 'Great Replacement' theory, is repugnant and a dangerous abuse of power."  "A reminder: 'The Great Replacement' theory and its racist and xenophobic roots have served as the inspiration for multiple mass shootings and deadly attacks," the official Twitter account for ADL shared the same day."    David Duke is thrilled that Carlson is joining his side of wanting all White  power.                                         

On Monday, he delivered a 20-minute defense of his “replacement” idea. At the end he took aim at the ADL, saying its defense of Israel’s Jewish majority and opposition to the return of Palestinian refugees contradicts its advocacy for immigrants in the United States.  “In the words of the ADL, why would a government subvert its own sovereign existence?” he wondered, referring to an essay on the ADL’s website.  He's trying to compare oranges with apples and wondering why oranges don't make as good as sauce.  In looking over the web articles I have found, it seems that Carlson is for all the subjects that we have been against.  Is he just trying to get negative attention like a little schoolboy?  

 Has he found a large audience that he's appealing to that believes all this stuff?  Evidently Fox thinks so.  He hasn't been fired like Bill O'Reilly was.  Bill was let go in 2017.  After weeks of public criticism — and an advertising boycott involving more than 80 companies — Fox News has dropped Bill O’Reilly, the longtime TV host who has repeatedly faced claims of sexual harassment, according to a press release Wednesday afternoon from parent company 21st Century Fox.

Tucker Carlson has been a big supporter of Hungary's PM Orbán on his program and has made past trips to visit what he describes as a “simple, sweet country” that has learned how to deal with this insidious threat. As Fox News correspondent Tucker Carlson prepares to travel to Hungary once again, the New York Young Republican Club (NYYRC) on Monday endorsed the country's autocratic leader, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán.  Orbán has served as Hungary's prime minister since 2010 and is up for re-election in the spring.  In its official endorsement, the NYYRC called Orbán "a great defender of Western Civilization and the rights of the family.  Orban is a 2-faced PM who swings with the wind.  You can't depend on him.  He goes where he gets the most for the least.  The Young Republicans need to go back to school and this time to learn the true facts.                                                     

An anti-Jewish sign posted on a road in Germany reads, “Jews are not wanted here.” 

In December, Fox News backed one of these reports by posting a cartoon to social media in which Soros was a hook-nosed puppet-master, pulling the strings of Democratic officials. That cartoon has since been removed after protests by the Anti-Defamation League.  Orban is a two-faced individual who threw in any Democratic bone he ever had and sided with Hitler during WWII.  Hungary was as anti-Semitic as Lithuania was; as bad as they all were towards Jews.   Evidently Carlson doesn't care. He said, "Why do I care? Why shouldn’t I root for Russia? Which I am.” 

Incidently:  Jews account for approximately 0.2 percent of the global population. And yet antisemites believe that this tiny minority is not only on a quest for total world domination, but is already in control of banks, the media, industry, government — even the weather.1

As recently as March 2018, a Washington D.C. city council member claimed that the Rothschild family, a Jewish family known for a bank they founded in Frankfurt, was “controlling the climate to create natural disasters they can pay for to own the cities.”2 Jews have also been blamed for economic crises, from the Great Depression to the 2008 recession.3

This is anti-Semitism.  

Resource:  

https://jewishbubba.blogspot.com/2022/01/hungarys-two-faced-prime-minister.html

https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2022/1/26/2076884/-Tucker-Carlson-shows-it-s-possible-to-combine-the-worst-of-Neville-Chamberlain-and-Joseph-Goebbels?detail=emaildkre

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_country

https://www.insider.com/tucker-carlson-replacement-theory-david-duke-kkk-trump-2021-10

https://try.nation.foxnews.com/tuckercarlson/?org=NAT::ag=MediaStorm::mc=paidsearch::src=google&gclid=Cj0KCQiAxc6PBhCEARIsAH8Hff2cYeZwI6LMUZDejOPR3eKsCEMaTuTpVpoX27EuYY0-BfmX4j1xDW0aAg_cEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds

https://antisemitism.adl.org/power/?gclid=Cj0KCQiAxc6PBhCEARIsAH8Hff1M2RJrQ-abtf6r_ec6_F4DeNhI-DXZyZGQbqPw86Dd2qXATD_4uOUaAhRqEALw_wcB

****https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/republicans-take-sides-for-a-trump-fueled-tug-of-war-over-russia/ar-AATeU2G?ocid=msedgdhp&pc=U531