Showing posts with label Palestinian refugees. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Palestinian refugees. Show all posts

Tuesday, September 6, 2022

Dealing with Palestinian Refugees

 Nadene Goldfoot                                                   

    UN Partition Plan that was turned down by the Arabs-1947

At the time, they didn't want their own state, only to drive out the Jews.  Otherwise, they would have accepted the plan.  Now, 74 years later, they say they want their own state.  But they refuse to comply with requirements of having peaceful intentions with Israel by bombing her every day from Gaza.  

Palestinians have accomplished one thing in my eyes:  The Christian world is in sympathy with them.  They are tired of the haggling.  Just at the point where there are Palestinians who are relenting in their hatred, the Christians want the problem finished.    They don't want to hear about the refugees any longer.  Church groups favor the Palestinians.  Israel is still the sacrificial lamb on the altar;  the scapegoat.  Europe wants a Palestine.  The USA is under pressure. No one is standing up and leading the way strongly saying, shape up or ship out.  Be decent to Israel and you'll have a life like everyone else. Make something of yourself instead of a tunnel digger or killer.  Well, any guy that stands up in this group gets shot down, literally! 
 

Israel's birth was  May 14, 1948.  By the next year, Egyptian Foreign Minister, Salah al Din said, "It is well-known and understood that the Arabs, in demanding the return of the refugees to Palestine, mean their return as masters of the Homeland, and not as slaves.  With a greater clarity, they mean the liquidation of Israel."  In other words, their return to land now a part of Israel is to destroy the Jewish hold on the land;  Israel.  

These Arabs had left at the advice of other Arab leaders that the united Arab army was going to attack and take over the land.  They should get out of the way.  When they finished killing off the Jews, they would be able to return and live in the homes of those Jews.  Where these Arabs found a spot to wait the attack out, became places of permanent refuge for them, as the Israelis managed to weather their attack and had fully established the Israel nation.  They had been deluded by their own leadership.  


There has never been a state of Palestine, only the Israelite land renamed by the Romans.  It was an expanse, according to Mark Twain, that was not very large by American standards, "being only 40 to 60 miles wide.  The state of Missouri could be split into 3 Palestines, and there would be enough material left for part of another---possibly a while one.  From Baltimore to San Francisco is several thousand miles, bur it will be only a 7 days' journey in the cars when I am 2 or 3 years older---(The railroad has been complete since the above was written)---if I live I shall necessarily have to go across the continent every now and then in those cars, but one journey from Dan to Beersheba will be sufficient, no doubt.  It must be the most trying of the two. " 

Arabs originated in Arabia.  The population did not leave until the death of Mohammad in 632 CE.  They struck out in a frenzy of converting populations to Islam.  In this 7th century, the Arab Rashiduns conquered the Levant; they were later succeeded by other Arabic-speaking Muslim dynasties, including the Umayyads, Abbasids and the Fatimids. Over time, much of the existing population of Palestine adopted Arab culture and language, and converted to Islam. 

                         Today's Bedouin boy on a camel

 Mostly, Bedouins were found migrating through Palestine at the time of the 1st Aliyah from Europe of Jews returning, escaping pogroms, attacks in Eastern Europe in 1880.  Others heard of their return and building projects, and they followed them, hoping to get jobs.  They came from all over the Levant, but mostly from Syria.  Many of their homes bore evidence of being owned by former Jews as etchings in the walls were found to be Hebrew.  The famous writer, Mark Twain, visited Palestine on a tour in February 1867,  He describes the Bedouins, saying they had attacked our camp last night, and he tells how they "traversed some miles of desolate country whose soil is rich enough, but is given over wholly to weeds--a silent, mournful expanse, wherein we saw only three persons--Arabs with nothing on but a long coarse shirt like the "tow-linen" shirts which used to form the only summer garment of little negro boys on Southern plantations.  Shepherds, they were--and they charmed their flocks with the traditional shepherd's pipe--a reed instrument..."

By July 15, 1957, only 8 years later than that honest statement of al Din's, the Arab Refugee Conference was held in Homs, Syria and passed a resolution stating: "Any discussion aimed at a solution of the Palestine problem which will not be based on assuring the refugees' right to annihilate Israel will be regarded as a desecration of the Arab people and an act of treason."                                  

Four years later on September 1,1961, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egypt's President, declared "If the refugees return to Israel, Israel will cease to exist.  

The Palestinian goal to return and live in Israel has been to destroy the Jewish state, so it is easy to understand why the Arab world has treated the 650,000 Palestinian refugees and their descendants so miserably and not accept them into the 20 some Muslim surrounding states but keep them in these original refugee camps.  They have been used as pawns in a chess game to destroy Israel.  No other people have been so dependent on the UN for survival as these people.  It's been 74 years that they have maintained refugee status that originated from their ggreat grandparents.  The UN has been aiding and abetting their cause.  

Since the end of WWII, there have been over 50 million refugees from dozens of countries, the overwhelming majority of whom have been successfully resettled.  This number includes the almost 800,000 Jewish refugees that were expelled from  Arab countries in 1948.  Naturally Israel was offered as their homeland, but if they had other ideas, were helped to get to the USA, etc.  It was world Jewry that made sure that every one of the Jewish refugees from Arab countries were given a place to live, money to begin a new life, and citizenship in the country to which he or she fled.  Israel received 586,000 into Israel in that period. 


Only Jordan allowed Palestinian refugees to become citizens.  They had their major problems with them, too with the Black September attack of Palestinians trying to take over the government in 1970-71.  But the king married a Palestinian girl, (copying King Solomon's moves) and things calmed down.  

Driven by hatred of Israel and the Jews, the Arab world had a policy of keeping these people homeless in refugee camps.  Dr. Elfan Rees, adviser on refugees to the World Council of Churches, noted  ,"The Arab refugee problem is by far the easiest post-war refugee problem.  By faith, by language, by race, and by social organization,, they are  indistinguishable from their fellows or the host country."

                              Faisal II, king of Iraq in 1958.  

UN Rep, Ralph Garroway, former director of UNRWA, the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees, said in August 1958, "The Arab states....want to keep the refugee problem in an open sore, as an affront to the UN and as a weapon against Israel.  Arab leaders don't give a damn whether the refugees live or die. " 

I may add that the culture of Muslims allows them to have 4 wives at a time.  Most must not have birth control since their numbers multiply quickly with 4 wives, 4 times faster than the Jews who maintain one, at least at a time, like the rest of the world.  

Israel has even offered to help resolve the refugees' plight in cooperation with Palestinian and Arab committees, which have refused to explore a solution.  In a 1967 editorial, the New York times noted the naivete of an argument stating that Israel should allow the return of all refugees. "The readmission of the refugees would be the equivalent to the admission to the United States of nearly 70,000,000 sworn enemies of the nation. " They try to keep even one out.

      This could also be in California where they had these detention camps.  

  Remember, they even took all their Japanese citizens during WWII and placed them in locked up places, like in areas meant for cattle.  From May to November 1942, Nyssa [pronounced NISS-a], Eastern Oregon, served as the site of the first farm labor camp organized during the wartime Japanese American experience.  It was a detention facility.  The fear was that they would help the Japanese enemy.   


The federal government leased the 43-acre property from the Pacific International Association and Pacific International Livestock Exposition, Inc. for $27,000 a year. Built in the 1920s, the complex had served as a livestock exhibition center and rodeo venue in the '20s and '30s. The residential area of the camp was in a series of buildings covering 460,000 square feet (about eleven acres). This indoor space included a concourse building that also housed the Henry Thiele Restaurant, two other halls, an arena and show ring, and various animal pavilions, including dairy, beef, swine, horse, sheep, and an area used for dog shows. The stalls and pens for the animals were removed, and the U.S. Army Engineers built small family quarters out of plywood to house Japanese American families. As in other assembly centers, the walls went only about eight feet high, leaving a large open area above—the roof of the pavilion was twenty to thirty feet high—that allowed sounds and smells to carry freely between units. The entire complex was surrounded by barbed wire fences with machine gun nest equipped sentry towers at the corners. The facility was also right across from Jantzen Beach, and former inmates recalled being able to hear the sounds of the amusement park located there. This was right in Portland, Oregon.  

I wouldn't want to remain in a refugee camp.  It's horrible to raise people to hate Jews, and that's what is happening to those in such camps, but they cannot be allowed to live in Israel, who already is made up of 20% Muslim Arabs.  It's going to, must, be a Jewish country, a refuge for Jews, the only one in the world.  Those Arabs alive today have no roots in Israel, and can move to any of the other more than 48 Muslim majority states in the world, or even other European states that are secular.   


Resource:

Why the Jews? by Dennis Prager & Joseph Telushkin

from Mitchell g. Bard PhD, Al-Misri, October 11, 1949 (Egypt's foreign minister, Salah al Din) statement.  

The Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain, p 203

From Time Immemorial-the origins of the Arab-Jewish conflict over Palestine by Joan Peters.

http://cojs.org/41979-2/

https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/japanese_internment/#.YxdzbXbMKUk

https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/map-of-the-un-partition-plan




Wednesday, May 30, 2018

What Happened to the Arab Refugees from 1948?

Nadene Goldfoot                                             

May 14, 1948 and the British who had held a mandate from the League of Nations of 30 years left Palestine and the Jews pronounced the their creation of Israel.  In less than 24 hours, they were attacked by the Arabs.  However, 160,000 Arabs who lived within Israel's borders accepted her invitation to choose peace and become Israeli citizens.

Post Script (PS) My 3rd cousin was the Chief of Intelligence for the Stern "Gang" as the Brits called it, but they called it the Stern Group.  The Jewish National Home promised by the League of Nations became 80% smaller with the Brits holding the mandate as they gave that much to a prince of Saudi Arabia who wanted a place to rule, Abdullah, and it became TransJordan, then Jordan.  I don't know how at the end of 1949, Israel could have been 5,000km larger.  The Arab refugees' descendants
whose  ancestors had left  are located in much of Judea-Samaria and Gaza.  Remember, most are of the 4th generation now.
                                                                         
Three Israeli-Arabs were elected to the 1st Knesset.  There were postwar problems to solve and they were resolved.  At this point the Arab citizens became freer, then more educated and more prosperous than any average citizens living in all other Arab countries.  By 2010 the Israeli-Arabs number over 1,250,000 and continue to elect representatives to the Knesset.
                                                                   
1948:  Returning to village after leaving
A number of Arabs had left when the Arabs armies attacked because they were told that it would be a matter of hours and they would overcome the Jews and then they could have their homes.  The number is anywhere from  a possible 472,000 to the exaggerated 750,000 reported.

1. Fighting had started which Jews did not start or want and most Arabs fled to escape it.
2. Rich Arabs fled the war zone which was Israel.  They were leaders, and without them, the Palestinian civil society fell apart, causing more fights.  They went to Damascus or Paris.
3. The Political and radical leadership encouraged the general Arab public to get out of the way of the oncoming Arab armies.
4. Arab propaganda was backfiring.  They scared their people with lies about Jewish atrocities against Arabs.  Arabs then fled.
5. In a few cases, Israeli troops routed Arab residents from their homes in certain zones they considered vital to forming their new state.

Mahmoud Abbas in 1976 was angry at his higher-up leadership:  THE ARAB ARMIES ENTERED PALESTINE TO PROTECT THE PALESTINIANS....BUT INSTEAD THEY ABANDONED THEM, FORCED THEM TO EMIGRATE AND TO LEAVE.

So, Palestinian refugee camps were set up in the Territories and neighboring Arab countries following the 1949 Arab-Israeli War.  By 2010 the condition of the camps found them to be run-down towns that the Arab leadership never improved.  The people and their descendants are still considered refugees after 70 years.  Most Arab countries still refuse to integrate them.  They use the people as pawns in the propaganda war against Israel.  Many are nothing but a town of tents.
                                                                       
Arabs taken to the front lines to fight Jews of Israel
Whereas Arab leadership created the refugee problem, they then promised these refugees that they could go back to their homes located in Israel now, not Palestine.  These Arab leaders openly stated that their goal was to dismantle the Jewish state demographically by flooding it with Palestinian Arabs.  That would be easy to do, too, with their Sharia law allowing 4 wives and no birth control.
They called it the Arab RIGHT OF RETURN.  Clever Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of Egypt in 1961, exclaimed:  "If Arabs return to Israel---Israel will cease to exist."
Assad Abd Al Rahman, Palestinian Authority Minister of Refugee Affairs, in 1999 also agreed with:
"The demand for the return of the Palestinian refugees...is tantamount to the destruction of Israel."  
                                               

The UN, top-heavy with ruling Muslims,  has given special treatment to Palestinian refugees.  
1. 1949: Set up UNRWA, an agency just for Palestinian refugees.  They are serving the 4th generation as 25 years is a generation.  By 2025 they will be aiding and abetting the 5th generation.  
2. 1994:  PA was formed and governed 38% of the Palestinian refugees but did not use its billions of foreign-aid dollars to improve their living conditions or opportunities.  Conditions did not change.  
3. 2005:  UNRWA was serving 4.3 million Palestinians. 
4. 2010-2011  UNRWA budget for year was $1.23 billion dollars.  
5. 2014 estimate of:  4.43 million Palestinians in Judea-         Samaria and Gaza 
      with 1.7 million living in the Gaza Strip  
      2.8 million in the Judea-Samaria. 
                                       
     
USA calls for investigation of terror ties in UNRWA camps

"UNRWA has been criticized by the Israeli government and politicians for alleged involvement with Palestinian militant groups, such as Hamas. Israel has stated that Peter Hansen, UNRWA's former Commissioner-General (1996–2005) "consistently adopted a trenchant anti-Israel line" which resulted in biased and exaggerated reports against Israel."
                                          
Hamas tunnel found under UNRWA school in Gaza

"In June 2017, UNRWA employees discovered a tunnel running underneath the Maghazi Elementary Boys A&B School and the Maghazi Preparatory Boys School. According to UNRWA's spokesperson, the tunnel had no entry points in the school premise, but runs underneath the school. UNRWA stated it intended to seal the tunnel, and that is protested to Hamas. Hamas denied it was involved, and requested clarifications from other armed factions that denied involvement as well.
Following the tunnel discovery, Israel's prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu has stated that UNRWA should be dismantled and reincorporated in other UN agencies. In response UNRWA's spokesperson said only the United Nations General Assembly could change UNRWA's mandate, and further stated in Hebrew on Israeli radio that if "UNRWA is gone" from Gaza that "two million people will turn into IS (Islamic State) supporters"  Is this a threat or a fear?  Today, Gaza is bombing Israel with rockets and mortars non-stop, putting all of southern Israel into bomb shelters.  Hamas has been leading the acts of the past weeks at the fence.  


Resource:  Israel 101 Magazine produced by StandWithUs.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Palestinian-Authority
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA
http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/palestine-population/
http://jewishbubba.blogspot.com/2015/01/were-arabs-expelled-from-their-villages.html

Sunday, February 17, 2013

How Palestinian Refugees Differed From Others, How Jewish Refugees Differed From Them All

                                                                               Exodus 1947                          
Nadene Goldfoot                                                                       
Arabs have been migrants. Mark Twain can attest to that as he visited the Holy Land on a trip starting in February 1, 1867. Bedouins attacked his camp, the land where the man rides and carries the child on a pigmy jackass but the woman walks. Mark Twain traveled miles of desolate country whose soil is rich enough but was only weeds.  He saw only 3 people, Arabs, wearing only a long coarse shirt, and they were shepherds, and charmed their flocks with a reed pipe.  

 Migration comes from a tradition of migration and migrants.  They were wrongly regarded immediately upon arrival in Western Palestine as people "existing" for millennia within the Jewish-settled area of Western Palestine.  They were just continuing in 1948 their traditional pattern of moving to an area where they thought their relatives were better treated than they were.  The British made them into instant natives which in turn counted them as instant refugees.  Then they actually had a better life in the UNWRA camp setting than they had as "landless impoverished laborers in the Arab world."

Wrongly counted as refugees were these Arab itinerant workers from  the neighboring countries.   Many of the refugees were fleeing from Israel but the British neglected to realize that they had just recently gone into Israel and then counted them as natives when Israel was the Jewish-settled area of Western Palestine.   There they earned better wages and found better living conditions within the Jewish settlements.

On the other hand, German, Russian, Czech, Hungarian, Vietnamese, Cambodian, Afghan,  Lebanese and Syrian refugees had to flee and became migrants in order to escape persecution, dictatorship, or certain death.  Syrians and Lebanese have moved right over to Jordan and are in camps.  The land of Jordan, taken illegally by King Hussein, is land meant to be the Jewish National Home.

When the Jewish refugees were lucky enough to arrive on ships to Palestine, the British would not let them into the Jewish communities.  They were refugees fleeing for their lives from Nazis.  Even though The British were given the Mandate to bring about the Jewish National Home, they treated it  as "Arab" land.  So they restricted Jewish immigration and let "illegal" Arab immigrants in.  They were appeasing Arab "discontent." When my 2nd cousin, Stanley Goldfoot left Capetown, South Africa in 1933  at age 18 or 19, his ship put up the Swastika flag in the middle of the ocean and he wasn't sure he'd get to land in Palestine.  Luckily, he did.  A few years more and it would have been impossible.  At this time there were also restrictions on Jewish immigration into the USA.

On January 12, 1938 the Poseidan ship came to Palestine with 65 Jewish illegal immigrants.  By then 8,000 had entered illegally with the help of Jewish Agency in Palestine. The Aliya Bet worked from 1939 to 1942  and then from 1945 to 1948, trying to get illegal Jews into the country.  "No country was willing to take Jewish immigrants. However, some countries would give them transit visas."

The ship "Exodus" from France carried 4,500 Jewish refugees including 600 orphans  that were Holocaust survivors on July 11, 1947 and the Jews were considered illegal so couldn't disembark.  "Displaced person camps run by American, French and Italian officials often turned a blind eye to the situation, with only British officials restricting movement in and out of their camps. In 1945, the British reaffirmed the pre-war policy restricting Jewish immigration to Palestine which had been put in place following the influx of a quarter of a million Jews fleeing the rise of Nazism in the 1930s and had been a major cause of the Arab revolt of 1936-1939."


  • "Exodus was attacked by five British destroyers and a cruiser. Ruth Gruber, a journalist,  left Jerusalem immediately for Haifa and witnessed the Exodus entering the harbor, looking, as Gruber wrote, "like a matchbox splintered by a nutcracker."
  • During the "battle," the British rammed the Exodus and stormed it with guns, tear gas and truncheons. Gruber noted that the crew, mostly Jews from America and Palestine, fought back with potatoes, sticks and cans of kosher meat. The Exodus’s second officer, Bill Bernstein of San Francisco, was clubbed to death trying to prevent a British soldier from entering the wheelhouse. Two orphans were killed, one shot in the face point blank after he tossed an orange at a soldier.
  • When she learned that the prisoners from the Exodus were being transferred to Cyprus, she flew there overnight. While she waited for the Exodus detainees, she photographed earlier Jewish prisoners living behind barbed wire in steaming hot tents with almost no water or sanitary facilities. "You had to smell Cyprus to believe it," she cabled the New York Herald."

  • Half of 142 attempts to enter by Jews were stopped and the people were sent to internment camps in Cyprus.  50,000 ended up in such camps.  1,600+  Jews drowned at sea.  About 2,000 Jews actually entered Palestine.
     This was in violation of the International League of Nation Mandate.  They were, in fact, facilitating Arab settlement onto Jewish-settled land.  They just thought that Arabs had always been there which has caused the lies of today.  Here we have the case that Arabs came to Western Palestine because they were attracted by the superior economic conditions created by the Zionists.   No wonder Churchill could point out in 1939:
    • Far from being persecuted, the Arabs have crowded into the country and multiplied until their population has increased more than even all world Jewry could lift up (increase) the Jewish population.
    Why were the British so pro-Arab besides being obviously anti-Semitic?  "Since the British relied on the Arab (or Arab-supporting) regimes of the Middle East, a pro-Arab policy in Palestine served them best to protect rights to Arab oil, the Suez canal, and British interests in India and beyond."  Since they had been in Palestine fighting against the Ottoman Empire during WWI and had solicited TE Elliot to help get Arabs to fight with them, they were the ones given the mandate.  Let us not forget that Jews fought against the Ottoman Empire as well with the British.  

    Resource: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Exodus
    Book:  From Time Immemorial by Joan Peters page 392-393
    http://208.84.118.121/pf_mandate_oppose_immigration.php
    Book: Exodus by Leon Uris
    http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Immigration/exodus.html
    Movie:  Exodus with Paul Newman
    http://www.zionism-israel.com/dic/Aliya_Bet.htm
    The Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain

    Saturday, February 2, 2013

    Palestinian Refugee Camps: The Longest Game of Chess in the World

    Nadene Goldfoot
    Without the Palestinians in refugee camps in the Middle East, what could the Arab hold against Jews?  It's the "cornerstone in the Arab struggle against Israel."    Originally in 1949, there were about a half a million Arab refugees, from 472,000 to 600,000; people who left their homes at the direction of their leaders with the promise of a quickly fought war with the outcome that they would get the property of the defeated Jews of newly created Israel.  They only fled a few miles away and were still among people of their own language, religion and culture.

    Well, they have multiplied while sitting in camps eightfold at least.  A band of Muslim rulers owning millions of square miles and great oil wealth have refused to take in any of these "refugees."  They are using them as pawns against the Jewish state, and the people themselves are complicit in the fight against Israel.  The UNRWA has been convinced that they should be complicit and aid and abet the leaders by creating this condition of dependency so they pay these refugees out of the money the USA pays into the UN. It's gone on for 64 years.   There has been no attempt to integrate these refugees into the Arab world.  From planning for 652,000 Arab refugees in 1948 to 2011's 5 million refugees, the budget in 2011-2011 was for $1.23 billion dollars.  The USA is the biggest contributor.  

    We are now seeing descendants of refugees and their children and their children.  Israel  has 3,000,000 Jewish refugees from Arab lands in their country, taken in right away in 1948.  Jordan, a Hashemite Kingdom originating as Transjordan in 1946 with his grandfather, King Abdullah I,  had a battle with Palestinians called Black September  from September 1970 to July 1971 with the PLO.  Jordan killed from 3,400 to 20,000 PLO and 600 Syrians while they lost 82 soldiers.    There was no such thing as a Goldstone Report against Jordan for their low casualty number.  Jordan's King Abdullah II in turn married a Palestinian, now Queen Rania, born in Kuwait but to Palestinian parents, one of the most beautiful women in the world   However, the king stated that he refuses to take anymore into his land of 34,445 square miles, and has over 5,568,565 population now with 95% Sunnis, their state religion. He already has 1,951,603 Palestinian refugees in Jordan of which 338,000 live in camps.  In Jordan  approximately 40% of UNWRA-registered Palestinian refugees have acquired full citizenship rights.  

    Israel's land is only 8,000 square miles and they now have a little over 7 million people of which 6 million are Jews. Those some 85% of the Arab population in Israel that left went to Judea/Samaria, Gaza, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan. There are 58 registered refugee camps and 10 more were created after 1967.  Jordan has created camps for Syrians who have fled their civil war.

    At the same time, the Arabs kicked out the Jews from their country, so Israel took in 700,000 Jews and quickly found quarters for them.  That was about the same number of Arabs leaving in order to give their fellow neighbor's soldiers time to slaughter Jews and overtake their property.

    Other people haven't treated refugees this way.  India had a war with the Muslims in their land which led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947.  The Korean War that involved Americans lasted from 1950-1953.  It was a time that American high school seniors were ejected from class and placed in the army.  Both situations led to more than 20 million refugees.  Most were reabsorbed within one generation.  "On taking up citizenship in another country, refugees lose their refugee status.   Decades ago, Jewish Palestinian refugees took up citizenship in Israel and in other countries;   they and their descendants are no longer refugees."  That's how Israel happens to have 1.4 million Arab citizens.

    The census in 1945 of all of Palestine showed that there were 1.2 million permanent Arabs living in all of Palestine which included Judea and Samaria and east Jerusalem.  160,000 stayed in the newly formed Israel and are today's citizens.  Arab leaders have been something else.  They have consistently been denying land offered for their own Palestinian state since 1948 when they denied the partition plan of Palestine.  The Arab governments also refuse to allow the resettlement of the Palestinians.  In this they have evidence of how terrible it is to allow Israel's existence.  They have now made further demands that would extinguish the Jewish state.  They offer no compromise for peace.  

    Resource:  Jews and Power by Ruth R. Wisse
    http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Jordan.html
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Rania_of_Jordan
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_refugee
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East
    http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths3/MFrefugees.html
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan