Why Jews Are Interested in the Pathans

Nadene Goldfoot                                             

Who are the Pathans?  They are people some have called Afghans, or Sons of the Pashtu as their language is Pashtu.  They might also identify themselves by their ancient name of SONS OF ISRAEL, otherwise known as Bnei Israel.  They are Muslims.  
   The Pathans number 8-9 million just in Afghanistan.  10 to 11 million live in Pakistan. Altogether an including those in India, they could number  20 million.  They live in the border region between Afghanistan and Pakistan.  About 2 million of them live as nomads, and are written about in great detail in CARAVANS by James Mitchener.  What do they look like?  They look like Jews of those regions have looked, though there may be none there now to make a comparison.  Many of their customs seem to be quite ancient ones, coming from Jewish customs.  Even other data collected show a definite connection to the ancient Jewish people.  
                                                                           

Pashto (/ˈpʌʃtoʊ/, rarely /ˈpæʃtoʊ/, Pashto: پښتو‎ Pax̌tō [ˈpəʂt̪oː]), sometimes spelled Pukhto, is the language of the Pashtuns. It is known in Persian literature as Afghāni(افغانی) and in Urdu and Hindi literature as Paṭhānī. Speakers of the language are called Pashtuns or Pakhtuns and sometimes Afghans or Pathans It is an Eastern Iranian language, belonging to the Indo-European family.Pashto is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan, and it is the second-largest regional language of Pakistan, mainly spoken in the west and northwest of the country. In Pakistan, it is the majority language of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan. Along with Dari Persian, Pashto is the main language among the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto-speakers is estimated to be 45–60 million people worldwide.  Many of them deny any claim to originating from the 10 Lost Tribes, too.  

Pathans today generally live between the city of Kabul, Afghanistan and the Indus River area in Pakistan.  They live throughout over half of Afghanistan and usually hold some sort of power in the areas where they live.  Many live in Pushtunistan on the Pakistani border.  Afghanistan backs the Pakistani Pathans' need for independence, and  this causes constant tension in the region.  Though they are Muslims, they are also Pathans and have their own list of laws they live by.  
                                                        

Pathan girl from Pakistan

Afghanistan is one of the least developed countries in Asia.  It's vastly beautiful land but hard to support the life with many mountainous areas.  It is here that they can continue to live like their ancient forefathers' old tribal life.  They keep the practice of having tribal chiefs and the family unit all obey the family elder.  This system is "PASHTUNWALI."  It's one amazing code of laws with similar part found in the Torah. 
                                                         

Imran Khan, new Prime Minister of Pakistan,
Niazi Pathans
He is a famous cricket player.
  The Niazi Pathans mainly live in the areas of Punjab .

 Most of the people are illiterate.  Most work  as farmers or raising sheep and other animals.  They live in villages while some are nomadic.  Until recently, Afghanistan was governed by Islamic religious law.1  More than 90% are Sunni Muslims.  The people are in general very healthy, tall and strong with light skin and a pleasant personality.  They are warriors, and actually carry arms from a young age.  They are hard working people, wise, truthful and extremely loyal.  They also are known worldwide for the "exemplary" hospitality.  In fact, a movie has been made about it.  
                                                    

Pathan tourists visiting in Jerusalem at the Wall

What also makes them so unique in the Middle East is that they don't look like the people around them.  People have always wondered about their ethnic origins.  Here they exist among the Indo-Aryans, the Turks, the Mongolians and the Persians.  Many peoples and nations and tribes have come and gone through this land, so it's been hard to trace their history.  However, in their laws, they are not to marry outside their people of Pashtun heritage.  Even the British, who ruled Afghanistan for a long period of time, had problems telling Pathans from Jews and would call the Pathans-the Jews.  
                                      

Malala Yusufzai, Pushtun and a proud Pakistani
Do I see the name of Yusuf (Joseph)?  

So here we are, finding out that their tradition of coming from the Ten Tribes of Israel seems to be true.  They were people exiled by the Assyrian empire 140 years before the destruction of  King Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem in 586 BCE.  They do carry on the tradition of their name:  the Sons of Israel, and their appearance.  Today, a simple autosomal DNA test can identify where a person's genes come from.    

My own ethnic heritage from Family Tree DNA in Houston, Texas, USA tells me this:
that 2% of my genes come from Asia (central and South east;), 12% eastern Europe; besides showing I'm Ashkenazi Jewish.  
                                                       

Pathans in Kashmir of Northern India

Pathans are still a tribal people.  We Jews with grandparents from Europe know we are Ashkenazi Jews, but this is not the name of a tribe.  Our tribe would be the tribe of Judah; perhaps even some might be from the tribe of Benjamin, but we don't know; basically Judah since that's the southern land that the tribe was ordained to live in by Moses and Joshua.  The northern 10 other tribes have kept their tribal knowledge quite well as asked to do by Moses.   They may from the tribe of Reuben; the Shinwari (Shimon), the Lewani (Levi);  the  Daftani (Naftali);  the Jaji (Gad);  the Ashuri (Asher);  the Yusuf-Zai (Sons of Yosef);  the Afridi (Ephraim, etc.  The Pathans explain the differences in the tribal  names are due to  the different dialects of the languages, so that Jaji was originally Gad.  
                                                      

Afridis at Jamrūd Fort (1866); photo by Charles Shepherd. Jamrūd Fort was strategically located at the eastern entrance to the Khyber Pass in present-day Pakistan.

 I notice that the Afridi Tribe (Ephraim) is quite large.  It happens that the kingdom of Israel was also called the kingdom of "Ephraim."  
King Jeroboam( 933-912BCE)was of the tribe of Ephraim. 
1 Kings 11:26
And Jeroboam the son of Nebat, an Ephrathite of Zereda, Solomon's servant, whose mother's name was Zeruah, a widow woman, even he lifted up his hand against the king.
Jeroboam had been the superintendent of forced labor for King Solomon.  Judah had rebelled and broke away from Israel, taking Solomon's son and next king with them, so Israel needed a king, and Jeroboam got the position.   
                                                       

My father would love this style.  He doesn't have to wear a tie!  

One big tradition of the Afghan royal family is that they trace their family  origin to the tribe of Benjamin of which King Saul was a member.  This tradition was first published in a book in the year 1635.  According to tradition, King Saul had a son, Irmia (Jeremiah) who had a son named Afghana.  Irmia died at or near King Saul's death and Afghana was reared by King David.  Maybe Irmia was the son of Jonathan, David's close friend.  Israelite kings did have many wives in those days who had children.  Afghana remained in the royal court during King Solomon's reign.                          

                           Descendants of 1st King of Israel- Saul

1  King of Israel- Saul b: in abt 1000 BCE
.. +Ahinoam (wife) had 4 sons, {2 daughters (Michal and Merab) }
. 2  [1] Michal the First, Daughter of Saul
..... b: in 1000 BCE Bethlehem d: in 960 BCE Occupation: 
. *2nd Husband of [1] Michal the First, Daughter of Saul:
       +Phalti
. 2  King at Mahanaim Eshbaal d: in Murdered at Mahanaim
. 2  Merab (2nd daughter) 
..... b: in 1000 BCE Bethlehem d: in 960 BCE
. 2  Jeremiahin Pashtun

400 years later during the Babylonian exile of the southern kingdom of Judah, the descendants of Afghana fled to Gur (Hazarat Jat by todays name which is in central Afghanistan.  The tribe settled and traded with the people around it.  Then in 662, Khalid Ibn al-Walid, the head of the Kuraiysh tribe, was to spread Islam among the Afghan tribes.  He met the SONS OF ISRAEL" in Gur and converted them to Islam.  The leader of the SONS OF ISRAEL was Kays or Kish, named after Saul's father.  Kish changed his name to Ibn Rashid and was given the job of spreading Islam among his people.   
                                                      

Because of the civil war that has persisted in Afghanistan since 1979, roughly 2 million Pathans have left for Pakistan as refugees.

Jews are told in their Tanakh (Bible) in II Kings, 15:29 "In the days of Pekah king of Israel, came Tiglath-Pileser, King of Assyria, and took Ijon, and Abel-Beth-Maacah, and Janoah, and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Gilead, and Galilee, all the land of Naphtali;  and he carried them captive to Assyria".  These were names of towns that were attacked.  

Then Ten Tribes were cut off, without spiritual leadership or books on Jewish Law and values.  Only if they had any Levites among them could any teaching be had, for they were the teachers, but they would have been without materials, such as the Torah.  The prophecy is that the Ten Tribes will be reunited with Judah at the end of days.  
                                                     

The Pathans still have the tradition of circumcision on the 8th day, wearing a fringed garment, knowledge of the Sabbath, knowledge of pure and impure foods. 
                     

 Some even wear amulets with "Shma Israel" in Hebrew. 


They still know the names of lost tribes such as Reuvan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher and the sons of Joseph.  Pashtu, their language, has many Hebrew words.  

Resource: Book:  THE TRIBES OF ISRAEL by Rabbi Eliyahu Avichail
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/anthropology-and-archaeology/people/pathans
http://www.juragentium.org/topics/islam/en/yassari.htm

1:  On 27 November 2001, a Conference was held in Bonn, Germany, which brought together representatives of the resistance groups, consisting of the main civil war parties and warlords, pro-Zahir Shah technocrats and intellectuals, and two other small Afghan groups based in Pakistan and Iran (Wardak 2005: 65). Although the present anti-Taliban groups could not be considered to represent the Afghan people, the 'Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan pending the Re-Establishment of Permanent Government Institutions', also known as the 'Bonn Agreement', provided a framework for the process of state formation to create a broad-based, multi-ethnic, and representative government in Afghanistan. Executive powers were vested in Hamid Karzai, a Pashtun, as head of the Interim Administration of Afghanistan on 22 December 2001. Karzai was reconfirmed as the head of the Interim Administration by the 1,550 members of an Emergency Loya Jirga held in Kabul on 10 June 2002.

Twelve Tribes of Israel : Where They Were Taken: About Their Return

Nadene Goldfoot                                           

Then 10 northern tribes were taken away to places Northeast of Israel

Both the northern 10 Tribes of Israel and Judah and Benjamin of the southern part had been taken away in exile.  Some of Judah and Benjamin were able and chose to return 70 years later, but not the 10 others.  They remained lost to Judah for about 3,000 years, now being discovered and communicating  to Jewish Israel as as Muslims.  Neither one of us have given up the teaching of THE ONENESS OF G-D.  

The northern tribes of of the Kingdom of Israel, all 10 tribes of them, were taken by the Assyrians about 135 years before the destruction of the 1st Temple of King Solomon in 722 -721 BCE.  We find that many of them were today's Pashtuns living in Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of India.  That was very far away to the northeast.  They must have had to go through Persia (today's Iran) first.  King Hosea of Israel (726 BCE) had tried to to throw off the yoke of the Assyrians which led to Shalmaneser V's siege of Samaria and its capture in 721 BCE by his successor, Sargon.  Sargon then annexed the country and took away 27,290 Israelites to Assyria and Media, and he REPLACED THEM WITH SYRIAN AND BABYLONIAN PRISONERS.  They had to mix in with the Israelite field workers that were not taken to Babylon.  
                                              
                                              ******
                                                     

The first deportation of Jews to Babylon (which included Daniel and his friends Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-Nego) began the 70 years of captivity. Bible commentaries identify this as occurring between 607 and 605 B.C. Various sources say the date of the return of the Jews to Jerusalem occurred between 539 and 536 B.C.

Then almost  200 years later, their brothers, the kingdom of Judah, were taken away by the Babylonians after they had destroyed their 1st Temple in 586 BCE.   Babylon, today in Iraq, was not very far away from Israel and Judah.  
                                                        

When Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the Holy Temple in 586 BCE, he exiled 10,000 of the brightest and most promising of the Jewish nation (including Daniel, Chananya, Mishael and Azariah), leaving behind the labourers to work the fields. 
                                                    

Israel does follow the 7th year sabbath.  "shemita, the Sabbatical Year, comprises a number of the 613 commandments (mitzvot) of the Torah, given to them by Moses.  Like the commandment to rest every seven days on Shabbat, Shemita not only provides physical benefits but also enables humanity to develop spiritually and experience the unity of Creation. It also seems designed to shift how we relate the Earth.  The first commandment is that the land should rest, as the Torah says, “and the land shall rest a Sabbath to G-d.” This occurs by people refraining from planting, pruning, plowing, harvesting or engaging in any other form of working the land.   Exiles would have thrown them off their customs. • The second commandment of Shemita is that all seventh-year produce is hefker—ownerless and free. 

  Judah had broken away from the kingdom after King Solomon had died in 920 BCE since his son was expecting the same high taxing that Solomon had expected.  They had some of the 10 northern tribal members living among them at the time in Jerusalem, where all were expected to make a journey  3 times a year for the special holidays.  So tribal members from all 12 tribes would be in Jerusalem with representatives living there.  Judah was made up of ancestors of Judah and some of  Benjamin.  Men of status lived there.                                                                                 

In the period of King Josiah of Judah, about 100 years after the Exile from 837-798, some of the 10 Tribes were in Israel and intermingled with the tribe of Judah and were sent into the Babylonian Exile with them.  Therefore, there was a tribal mixture in Babylon with the 10 tribal representatives being a minority.  Usually the 12 tribes  stayed in the land allotted to them, however.  When they were on the Exodus  with Moses of 40 years which meant walking for most all of them, they stayed in their group with someone holding up the flag of their tribe showing where they were.  It must have been quite a site.  

The characteristics of the exiles were different.  The people of Judah were scattered to the 4 corners of the earth, and we see this was a reality by who is claiming to have connections to the 10 Lost Tribes in the new Return of Exiles.  The Prophet, Isaiah said that of the scattered of Judah.                                                       

Assyrian soldier prodding Israelites to walk and carry things

The 10 Tribes' fate was different.  They remained in populated concentrations in the region in which they were placed, in the general direction of the exile told about in the Tanakh (Bible) northeast of Israel.  "The most likely explanation behind the disappearance of the ten tribes is that after their exile from Israel at the hands of the Assyrians, the people of the Kingdom of Israel simply assimilated into the nearby regional cultures. This vanishing is perhaps less dramatic than an ancient crossing of the Atlantic, but in the grand view of history, just fascinating.

Judah's Exile                               

The northern 10 Tribes were exiled in 2 or 3 stages, maybe even more.  The same way was done later to the tribe of Judah.  It started in the days of King Jehoiachin of Judah ,(598-597 BCE)  with the biggest exile in the days of King Zedekiah of Judah (597-586 BCE) , and ended after the murder of Governor Gedaliah of Judah, the son of Ahikam.  He had been from a noble Judean family who was appointed by the Babylonians as governor after the 1st Temple was destroyed by them in 586 BCE.  His center of working was in Mizpah but he was murdered by Commander Ishmael ben Nethaniah and his followers who were planning a revolt against Babylon  that had been planned with their neighboring cities.  After the murder, the supporters of Gedaliah had to flee to Egypt for refuge.

One of the most imaginative stories about the ten lost tribes was advanced by Eldad ha – Dan, a 9^thcentury Jewish traveler. He claimed to have seen the lost tribes beyond the River of Sambatyon, the legendary “Sabbath River.” The river was an impassable torrent of stones, which ceased only on the Sabbath. Since for Jews, travel is proscribed on the Sabbath, the lost tribes were forever guarded behind the river. Throughout the ages, historians have sought out the location of this magical river. The Jewish historian Josephus claimed it was in Syria, and Pliny asserted it was in Judea; others searched for it in India, Africa, China, Japan and Spain. Like the Lost Ten Tribes, to this day it has never been found.
                                                   

Euphrates River, the area said to be where
Abraham and Ivrim  had left

The kings of Assyria exiles these Israelites of 10 Tribes to their kingdom of Assyria, and then across the Euphrates River.  Ahijah the Shilonite's prophecy was that "And He will root up Israel out of this good land, which He gave to their fathers, and will scatter them beyond the river. " Some think he meant the Euphrates River, and others thought it was the magical Sambatyon River.  We are not sure exactly how big or what borders the Assyrian Empire had, but taking that many, 10 tribes, would have been taken to their farthest province belonging to the Empire.  
                                                              

The river could also have been the Gozan River, Habor-between Afghanistan and Pakistan (Pesh-Habor in Afghani, Pesh means a pass) today called PESHAWAR;  Halah or Lahlah, or Hara-the city of Harat near the Persian borer, 3rd largest in Afghanistan.  The Gozan River is the river north of the city of Belah in the north of Afghanistan.  It's known today as the "Amu Darya," and is the border between Afghanistan and the former Soviet Union.

One tributary of this river is the "Rud Jazan".  Rud in Persian means River.  Afghani tradition says that the whole river was once known as the Gozan River.

The prophet Isaiah said that the exile would bring the tribes to the land of Sinim.  "Behold, these shall com from far and lo, these from the noth and from the west, and these from the land of Sinim"  This means that the eile may have started in the places of Persia, Kurdistan and Afghanistan.  They wandered and wandered eastward toward Pakistan, Kashmir, Tibet, China, etc and we believe that this also is what we see now with people claiming to be from the Lost Tribes of Jacob.  Sinim could mean the Sinai Desert or a place in southern China.  Many descendants of the tribes live in China and in the Mongolian countries today (the land of Sinim).  The prophecy goes
 on with "From the east I will bring your seed." 

All that has happened to the northern tribes and the south-Judah, was prophecized about and their return also foretold, which has not been completed as yet.  Many who declared their connection have returned, though.  

Resource: Book: THE TRIBES OF ISRAEL-THE LOST AND THE DISPERSED, by Rabbi Eliyahu Avichail copyright 2012.  Written first in Hebrew, than translated.
 https://www.elixirofknowledge.com/2010/09/ten-lost-tribes-partiii.html
https://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-Features/Jewcology-Let-the-land-rest
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
https://thetorah.com/how-and-when-the-seventh-day-became-shabbat/
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3671017/jewish/Discover-the-Four-Exiles-of-the-Jewish-People.htm

Was Socialism Ever Good for the Jews?

Nadene Goldfoot                                           

Ashkenazi Jews are a small group of people in the world, -.02%
of the world population are Jews; Ashkenazis, Sephardi and Mizrachi.  Yet we find leadership in many fields are
filled by Jews, even in Socialism.  

Eastern Europe was sort of like our last place available for refuge from anti-Semitic countries.  Lithuania allowed Jews into their country in the 800s.  Jews would be invited because they were needed for their special skills in mathematics, economics, trading, language, etc and usually would be given the ungainly and undesirable financial job positions in a country, and then they would kick them out.  Money lending, something others wouldn't think of doing as it was socially and religiously beneath them to do, was reserved for Jews.  More often than not, pogroms were started and Jews would be attacked and killed because of Jewish hatred, never for any known reason.  Jews have been considered the scape-goats of society wherever that society has been.  Golda Meir born in 1898 escaped from Russia and came to the USA in 1906  from a pogrom.  My own paternal softa (grandmother) whom we called our Bubbie had her legs broken in a pogrom when young.  The movie, Fiddler on the Roof depicted many aspects of eastern European Jewish life,  including Socialism and Communism's beginnings. 

Socialistic movements finally entered into the world of kings and czars and dictators, so according to country and dates, Jews would get involved. 
                                                                     

Emile Pereire b: 1800 and Isaac  Pereire b: 1806
 founded a business conglomerate that included creating the Crédit Mobilier bank.
It became a powerful funding agency, but by 1866 they had a gigantic crisis where their bank never recovered. Isaac had a son, Eurgene.   Eugène's granddaughter Noémie Halphen married banking competitor, Maurice de Rothschild.

19th century France had brothers Pereire who were conspicuous in the Sain-Simonian movement 1760-1825. "Saint-Simon seems to have foreseen the European Union, expecting however that England would take the lead in forming a continent sharing the same laws and institutions."   Saint-Simon projected a society bypassing the changes of the French Revolution, in which science and industry would take the moral and temporal power of medieval theocracy.

"The Pereire brothers were prominent 19th-century financiers in Paris, France, who were rivals of the Rothschilds. Like the Rothschilds, they were Jews, but unlike them the Pereire brothers were Sephardi Jews of Portuguese origin.  
                                                    
 Karl Marx (1818–1883) Karl Marx was the foremost Socialist intellectual. His work Das Capital formed the basis of Marxism. With Frederich Engels, he published The Communist Manifesto, a radical agenda for Communist revolution.  Karl Marx was born 5 May 1818, in Trier in western Germany. His father was a successful lawyer who had converted from Judaism to Christianity in order to help his law career. It would have been due to anti-Semitism.

Quite a trio; Lenin, Engels,  Marx

So far, the Pereire brothers, as I see them,  were not practicing Socialism at all but were entrepreneurs fitting right into Democracy.  So what is socialism?  It is a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution and exchange should be OWNED or REGULATED by the community as a whole.  Synonyms of this theory is LEFTISM AND WELFARISM.  The community as a whole would be our government.  It's very similar to communism.  In the traditional Marxist theory, it's a transitional social state of being between the OVERTHROW OF CAPITALISM and the REALIZATION OF COMMUNISM.  The top 10 countries of socialism are:  China, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Canada,  Sweden, Norway, Ireland, New Zealand and Belgium.  

The USA is a Democratic Capitalistic country. Capitalism is: an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.  Synonyms are: free enterprise, private enterprise, the free market, enterprise culture.  

                                                  

It must be remembered that Nazi Germany 
 had their National Socialist German Workers Party; it was one and the same thing.  
We can see Germany today as a country where almost 40% of all citizens live completely or at least predominantly off state benefits and where the whole life of its citizens is controlled and overrun by governmental regulation.The Nazis were left-wing socialists. Yes, the National Socialist Workers Party of Germany, otherwise known as the Nazi Party, was indeed socialist and it had a lot in common with the modern left. (from Snopes)
This should give us all the shudders.  

  Countries practicing Socialism means:  A socialist country is one that advocates collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods.  Israel's kibbutz movement and development had to go socialist to survive.  The rest of the country is not, except possibly part of its own medicare program.  They had several ways for people to follow in procuring and paying for medical care suitable to one's pocketbook. Israel is a leader in start up businesses.  

One thing to understand:  " The thinking can go from being  utopian socialist thinkers to leaders of Communist states.   Socialists generally believe in forming a society where resources are more equitably distributed. This often involves common ownership of the means of production. Within socialism there are different strands. The biggest divergence is between democratic socialists and the one-party Communist states of the Soviet Union and China."  

In Great Britain, the  Socialist movement was insignificant. and Jews were insignificant leaders.  
                 

Young Moses Hess 1846

                                         

Moses Hess Moses Hess was a French-Jewish philosopher and a founder of Labor Zionism. His socialist theories, predicated on racial struggle, led to conflict with Karl Marx and Frederick Engels.  Born in 1812, Bonn, Germany, died in 1875 in Paris, France.  

The Socialist movements of Germany, Austria, Russia were another matter for Jews here became important leaders. There was Moses Hess, Ferdinand Lassalle, and converted Jews such as Karl Marx.  Eduard Bernstein was the spiritual father of German revisionism, and was Jewish.    Austria had Victor Adler an Otto Bauer, leaders of Social Democracy.  Russia had Jews who were prominent in both the Menshevik and Bolshevik leaderships. 

There were Jews who were important socialists and anarchists who at one time or another fought against the persecution of Jews.  Some were against political anti-Semitism, although some were not completely free themselves of anti-Jewish bias.  I see this happening today as well.  As hard as it may seem, a number of great socialists showed a hostile attitude toward the Jews because they considered all Jews to be an incarnation of social parasitism. 

                                                                                

Socialist anti-Semite
Francois Marie Charles Fourier  b: 1772 in Besancon, France,
created word, feminism; one of founders of utopian socialism
son of a small businessman, was left with a lot of money he used for travel.
I note that under socialism that business would have been controlled by the government and he would not have inherited money to use as he wished.  He
failed to follow through with engineering studies-said "it would have consumed too much of his time and taken away from his true desire to help humanity." Said like a true flower-child of the 1960s.  Women could be unleashed but not the Jews.

He was a French social theorist who advocated a reconstruction of society based on communal associations of producers known as phalanges (phalanxes). His system came to be known as Fourierism.
From what I've heard about China, they are a perfect example of this; homes surrounding the factory, walking or biking to work...His theory is thatSociety as a whole, therefore, should own or at least control property for the benefit of all its members. This conviction puts socialism in opposition to capitalism, which is based on private enterprise. 

Charles Fourier, an anti-Semite,  regretted that the Jews were granted civil equality and proposed disciminatory measures against them.  Then there was Pierre Joseph Proudhon who thought that the Jewish people personified intellectual incapacity, parasitism and lust for domination.  Socialism has gone from being created with Jewish ideals and then Jews were despised anyway and not included in the movement.  

In the 1860s, a new variety of socialist Jew-hatred appeared:  racial anti-Semtism, 1st started by the Blanquists, and later by the Fourieris epigones.  Germany's great socialists were biased against the Jewish people.  Lassalle, in his early years, showed some attachment to Judaism but developed Jew-hatred, as his anti-Jewish statements were almost all made in private, he thought.  As with Karl Marx, there was no restraint.  Throughout his life he never stopped to be an anti-Semite, as is clearly shown in his published writings as well as in his private correspondence.  Engels was heard saying anti-Semitic diatribes during more than 30 years but noted the danger which anti-Semitism involves, so for socialism, he changed his attitude. 

Maybe that's because many of his peers were Jews, yes, even the socialist anti-Semites.  Marx, Lassalle, Victor Adler and Bernard Lazare. in his early stages of his career,  were all Jews.
                                                         

     ANTI-SEMITISM IN FRANCE

A young French Jewish captain, Alfred Dreyfus, who served on the French general staff in 1894, was accused of selling secret documents to Germany

and he was innocent, accused because he was Jewish.  This was the climate

of those days. 

THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT was almost always officially opposed to political anti-Semitism.  As is today, anti-Semitic trends existed not only among individual socialists but also in Socialist parties, organizations, and in the Socialist press.  The leading Socialist organ was La Revue Socialiste which frequently printed anti-Jewish material in the 1880s and 1890s.  The same anti-Semitic attitude was found in other counties as well, traveling like a raging epidemic.  There were Anti-Jewish trends within the International Association of Workngmen and was mainly represented by Bakunin and some of his friends.  The Narodnaya Volya issued a proclamation in 1881, urging the masses to revolt against the "Jewish Czar," the Jews, and the nobles.

                                                       

THE JEWISH QUESTION was discussed at the International Socialist Congress in Brussels in 1891.  Abraham Cahan, who represented the Hebrew Trades of New York, asked the Congress to vote a declaration of sympathy for the Jewish workers.  The Congress rejected his motion and voted instead a resolution condemning both "anti-Semitic and philo-Semitic excitations (excitement) ."
"Philo-Semitism (also spelled philosemitism) or Judeophilia is an interest in, respect for and an appreciation of Jewish people, their history and the influence of Judaism, particularly on the part of a gentile."  In other words, the1891 International Socialist Congress did condemn anti-Semitism but also condemned an appreciation for the Jewish people as well!  

At the end of the 19th Century, anti-Semitism inside the Socialist movement of Western Europe became very weak but remained fairly strong in Eastern European countries.  During World War I, the Socialist International changed its attitude toward the Jewish people and became increasingly friendly toward the Jewish cause.  It finally recognized the Jews as a nationality and their right to create a national center in Palestine in 1919.  This is interesting as the British Balfour Declaration in 1917 at the war's end.

Some of the most prominent members of the International gave moral support to Zionism.  The Jewish Socialist attitude to the Jewish problem can be divided historically into 4 outlooks:
   1.  The Assimilationist:  This was adopted by Jewish communists (who were atheists anyway) who held that all Jewish problems would be solved automatically by the dictatorship of the proletariat.  Later, special attention began to be paid to Jewish problems-partly on a territorial basis, but never on a basis of Jewish independence.  see BIROBIDIAN.
  2. The Ter-ritorialist:  the Jewish masses required productivization to create socialism, so an autonomous territory was necessary.  This plan, flourishing from 1904-1914, virtually disappeared after 1917's end of WWI, except for brief resurgences.
 3. The Bundist:  They thought that Jewish problems would be solved with the general Socialist (Social-Democratic) revolution in each land, but cultural Jewish (mostly Yiddishist) Autonomy was favored.  Their sister organization and ally was the Seymist viewoint, which advocated Jewish local autonomy based on reprsentative councils.  Both view died between the World Wars.
                                                           

4. The Zionist Socialist who stressed national territorial concentration and economic productivization in Palestine (ancient Israel-Judah), today's Israel.  as a prerequisite of socialism.  "Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisrelit (help. info)), commonly known as HaAvoda (Hebrew: הָעֲבוֹדָה‬) or workers party, is a social democratic and Zionist political party in Israel. ... The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance and an observer member of the Party of European Socialists.
                                                  

Then there's Bernie Sanders, 6 feet tall  who ran for the presidency and everyone knew he was a socialist born 1941 who ran on the Independent Party. What's shocking is that he was so popular for such an old guy, being he ran at age 75!   "Sanders is a self-described democratic socialist, and progressive who admires the Nordic model of social democracy and has been a proponent of workplace democracy."  His father, Elias Ben Yehuda Sanders, was born in Słopnice, Galicia in Austria-Hungary (now part of Poland), to a Jewish family; in 1921, Elias immigrated to the United States, where he became a paint salesman. His mother, Dorothy "Dora" Sanders (née Glassberg), was born in New York City to Jewish immigrant parents from Poland and Russia.  Bernie was born in Brooklyn, and had lived on a kibbutz for a short period, not liking it, I figure, as he has not been a backer of Israel in politics when it counts.
                                                   

  kibbutz of Sha'ar Ha'amakim, Israel
pictured is their nursing home facility
overlooking Mt. Carmel

" in 1963 working on Kibbutz Sha’ar Ha’amakim, near Haifa in northern Israel, as a guest of the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement."  It was a socialist kibbutz, too.  An article in a socialist paper also commented "after spending time (several months)  on the kibbutz with his wife (Deborah Shiling Messing,) at that time, Mr. Sanders seems to have lost his connection “to Israel, Zionism and Judaism,”  Whatever happened to him?    He was only there for several months.  I lived in Israel  in Haifa and Safed for over 5 years and was just getting the feeling of it, though not on a kibbutz.  I was a teacher for the city, like I had been in Oregon.  

 Bernie has commented that it's wrong that there are amazon workers on food stamps and the owner is the richest man in the world, Jeff Bezos.  Actually, is there really a comparison in the responsibility of these two comparisons?  Evidently Jeff isn't worthy of that much money according to Bernie which should be going to the workers instead. 

"Jeffrey Preston Bezos is an American technology entrepreneur, investor, philanthropist, and the founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Amazon, the world's largest online retailer."  Wouldn't his boxers be making a minimum wage?  

Resource:  The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia: Socialism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Simonianism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9reire_brothers
https://www.biographyonline.net/people/famous/socialists.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fourier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Sanders
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/06/us/politics/bernie-sanders-kibbutz.html
https://www.quora.com/Is-Germany-a-socialist-or-capitalist-country
https://www.snopes.com/news/2017/09/05/were-nazis-socialists/