Nadene Goldfoot
Purple is Hittite land.
During the 2nd millennium BCE, almost 4,000 years ago in about 1948 BCE, Abram, later called Abraham, son of Terah, was born in Ur of the Chaldees tribe near the Euphrates River of Mesopotamia. His family had been shepherds, but after moving into the big city of Ur and living in a house, his father became an idol-maker.
Notice the Nile Delta (Land of Goshen) , where Israelites will live later. Jacob, Abraham's grandson, will meet the pharaoh who tell them they can live there as shepherds.
Terah's brother was Haran. Haran had a son, Lot, who decided to travel with his Uncle's family. So did Sarai, Lot's sister. They all would travel to his town of Haran that had become a trading town of NW Mesopotamia where Lot and Sarai lived and pick them up. The town had become a moon cult center that they didn't like. (see below) Before they left, Abram and Sarai married. Haran had moved to Ur with the family and stayed. He died in Ur.
The whole family moved to Canaan and Abram pitched his tent there among the Canaanites and Philistines of the land. They visited Egypt and returned to live in Hebron.
He fought a battle to rescue his nephew, Lot from the kidnapping by King Chedorlaomer of Elam; King Amraphel of Shinar and their allies. The Elamites grew in size, nevertheless by 704 BCE with the siege of Jerusalem, less talked about by Sennacherib.
He had a vision of G-d who promised him that his descendants would inherit the land "from the river of Egypt to the Euphrates," and he made a covenant with G-d, and G-d tested his loyalty by ordering the sacrifice of Isaac, Abraham's one and only son by Sarai of which he stopped before the act was completed.
The vision spoke of all his descendants and Sarai was barren still, so he took her handmaiden, Hagar and she became the mother of Ishmael. After that, Sarai became pregnant, though quite old and was the mother of Isaac.
Hagar, a young woman, lored it over Sarai, the much older woman and first wife and close relative, that she was the first mother. Ishmael, years apart from Isaac, was cruel to his new brother, teasing him. Abram had had enough and separated them; taking Hagar back to her people, to Egypt.
Isaac was the father of Jacob who was the father of the 12 tribes of Israel. Ishmael became the father of the Arab people, which would mean Saudi Arabia. Ishmael made his home in Paran. Ishmael and Isaac joined together in burying their father, Abraham when the time came. Altogether, Abraham lived 175 years.
Then Abraham breathed his last and died at a good old age, an old man and full of years; and he was gathered to his people in the field Abraham had bought from the Hittites in the cave of Machpelah, in the (now) West Bank
All this is recorded in the Torah, the 5 books of Moses under Genesis, the first of the books. Moses was the Prince of Egypt whose birth-mother was a Jewish woman who saved her infant by hiding him in the bull-rushes along the bank of the river which the Pharaoh's daughter found and rescued, pretending he was her baby.
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The Arabs of Saudi Arabia conquered the land of Mesopotamia/Iraq in in 637, where Jews were living then who had helped the Arabs with the conquering of the Sassanid persecution. Then, after the Arab occupation, the Jews were expelled and they found shelter in Kufa. Iraq became independent in 1932.
Mohammed (570-632), the prophet of Islam when a young man accompanied the trade caravans of Mecca and met Jews and Christians. He called the Jews the people of the Book, and also wanted a book for his people. At age 40, he turned to deeper beliefs of his about God. He learned about the Christian belief in Jesus. He concluded that all holy books were copies of one in heaven, distorted by the messengers. His mission then was to correct them. He could not read or write so had to depend on others to do that for him. He even married a Jewish girl, Safiya. In fact, during his life, the Prophet Muhammad (570-632) married 12 different wives among whom were two Jewish women:
Finally, today, under the work of President Trump, the children Hagar by Abraham have come together to meet, get to know and work together instead of making war with each other against Sarah's children, the issue of Isaac, the children of Jacob. All this time they have resented and made war with them since Israel's 2nd creation on May 14, 1948. The Jews had accepted land that had been taken away from them before it was even issued to them after WWI until 10% was left of it, but even this tiny piece was not acceptable to their distant cousins as they were not following Mohammad but were followers of Moses who wrote the information for all to read and to understand.
Abraham Accords were signed by Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain on September 15, 2020; August 13, 2020, concerned only Israel and the United Arab Emirates; then Israel and Bahrain on September 11, 2020. In December 2020, the Israel–Morocco normalization agreement was signed. On January 6, 2021, following up on the Israel–Sudan normalization agreement (signed in October 2020), the government of Sudan signed the "Abraham Accords Declaration" in Khartoum.
At the signing, U.S. President Donald Trump said five nations could soon follow, including Saudi Arabia, although analysts believed that Sudan and Oman were more likely candidates in the short term. On September 23, 2020, US Ambassador to the United Nations Kelly Craft said that a new country would recognize Israel "in the next day or two."
Instead, by 2021, Palestinians Arabs of Hamas, backed and funded by Iran, were meeting and planning the total destruction of Israel, of which the major attack took place this year on October 7th, this being day 17 of the "War." A surpise attack during a window of peaceful co-existence-as peaceful as surmised with Hamas, consisted of para-gliders from the sky, boats from the sea and land invasion that even included motorcycle bikers accompanied with the millions of rockets they had stored for the occasion.
The Prime Minister and Crown Prince agreed on the pressing need for humanitarian access into Gaza to provide vital water, food and medicine. The Prime Minister outlined the steps the UK has taken to address the increasingly urgent humanitarian situation, including announcing £10 million of further aid. USA's Biden has said he wants billions to go to Ukraine and Israel now. 23 trucks have now entered with these.
Iran's competition, both religiously with their Shi'a interpretation is with Saudi Arabia with their Sunni interpretation of Islam. It's a battle between the Ayatollahs of Iran and the Sheiks, King Salman and his son Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salmon.
Iran had fought an 8 year war with Iraq. The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. It began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 by both sides. My husband and I had made aliyah in 1980 Many others from Russia were also new olim then. As of 2011, Iraq is listed as a state with both Shi'a/Sunni followers, but listed as a secular state. In September 1980, Iraqi forces launched a full-scale invasion of neighboring Iran, beginning the Iran-Iraq War. Fueled by territorial, religious and political disputes between the two nations, the conflict ended in an effective stalemate and a cease-fire nearly eight years later, after more than half a million soldiers and civilians had been killed.
Saudi Arabia's joining the Accords must have flown out the window. Their good plans of unity are disturbed.
I believe they had been very close, but now everything is on hold, especially the lives of Israelis, who are either fighters or in bomb shelters. Even the extreme Orthodox men, who study in yeshivas, are volunteering in IDF if not involved in study or much needed jobs. Those in the Diaspora are flying back to their units.
Moon cult: In Akkad the people called the moon god as Nannar. He was known as Sin in Sumer. His consort was Ningal and their children were Shamash and Ishtar. The latter was the goddess of the planet Venus. She was also the goddess of fertility, sexual love and war. During the reign of Nabudinus, the last king of Babylon, he attempted to replace Marduk, the sun god and the chief of god of the pantheon, with Sin. Sin was regarded as the father of the gods and creator of all things. His emblem was the crescent moon, the horns of a great bull and the number 30 which correspond to the lunar month. Sin and his children Shamash and Ishtar were triad of deities. A festivity of Sin was celebrated with the sighting of the new moon.
The moon deity can be male or female and was called different names in several places. The moon goddess was called by the Greeks as either Artemis or Selene, while the Romans called her Diana or Luna. In Arabia the moon god was called Hubal who was supreme of the 360 gods. The common symbol of those gods or goddesses was the crescent moon.
Resource:
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Accords
https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/iran-iraq-war
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