Ben Gvir and the Temple Mount: A Crisis Or A Visit?

 Nadene Goldfoot                                            

National Security Minister Itamar Ben Gvir (2nd from left) visits the Temple Mount on January 3, 2023. (Youtube screenshot; used in accordance with clause 27a of the Copyright Law) This happened despite threats from the Hamas, terror group, who think they rule over the land.  

Gvir did it again.  He dared to visit the Temple Mount.  National Security Minister Itamar Ben Gvir, center, visits the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, May 21, 2023. (Courtesy: Minhelet Har Habayit)

Threshing floor in today's Jerusalem on Temple Mount that was the beginning of Solomon's Temple and where it stood

Within the amazing city of Jerusalem is the Temple Mount with more history than you probably care to read about.  It was on this spot, which was a threshing floor, that Jews read about.  "”So David bought the threshing floor and the oxen for 50 shekels of silver. Then David built there an altar to Adonai, and offered burnt offerings and fellowship offerings. So Adonai was moved by prayer of entreaty for the land, and restrained the plague from Israel. (2 Samuel 24:18-25)

"King David bought that land fair and square, under the instruction of God, and it was on that site the first temple was built (Mount Moriah). And then after that, the second temple. And today, the Dome of the Rock stands in its place."  The Muslims are said to have built their Mosque over the Jewish 2nd Temple of Solomon.  There lies the problem.  The Muslims won't allow any archaeological moves to find out what lies under the mosque. Evidently they are afraid it is true.                      

The Temple Mount is revered by Jews as the historic location of the two Jewish Temples, making it Judaism’s holiest site. It is also the third-holiest for Muslims, who refer to it as the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound or the Noble Sanctuary. Muslim rock throwers in picture happen too often, trying to harm Jews.  

Ever since 1967's war of an all-Muslim attack on Israel, and Israel winning against the many Muslim countries  in 6 days, the Jews of Israel have been able to visit all of Jerusalem  but are not allowed by the Jordanians to pray on the Temple Mount!  The Temple Mount is revered by Jews as the historic location of the two Jewish Temples, making it Judaism’s holiest site. It is also the third-holiest for Muslims, who refer to it as the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound or the Noble Sanctuary.

At the end of the war, Moshe Dayan allowed Jordan the right of policing the Temple Mount since they had several mosques there.  He could have gone the other way and barred them but he was as gracious as a general could be.  

Abdullah el-Tell and Moshe Dayan reach cease-fire agreement, Jerusalem, 30 November 1948.  In March 1948, El Tell was promoted to the rank of Major commanding the 6th Regiment of the Arab Legion, stationed in Jericho. In early May his regiment was involved in an attack on the three Jewish colonies at Kfar Etzion which dominated the road between Hebron and Bethlehem. His commander in-chief, Glubb Pasha, ordered him to withdraw his troops. 

On 12 May, however, El Tell told one of his officers in Hebron, Captain Hikmet Muhair, to radio Glubb's headquarters saying that his convoy was under fire from the Kfar Etzion. This resulted in the 6th Regiment receiving orders to attack. The Jewish positions had been holding off attacks from local irregulars but could not resist El Tell's troops who were backed with armoured cars. 127 Jewish prisoners were murdered after they had surrendered while 320 Jews were taken to the prisoner of war camp at Mafraq.  Abdullah was  nasty guy who wanted to be a big-shot, competing with his boss.

Moshe Dayan wasn't head of security but was the Chief of the General Staff from 53 to 58; and also Minister of Defense from 67 to 74.  

Yet the Muslims have not given an inch.  They won't allow the Jews any rights there.  That's why Jews pray at the Western Wall instead. We have a new generation of Jews who are asking why Israel allows this to happen that they cannot visit this part of the mount when it's in Jerusalem, their capital city.  

 Besides that, the rabbis have said that Jews cannot be there praying anyway for we are not sure of where the spot is that was sacred to the high priest where other Jews could not be: the  "Holy of Holies, Hebrew Qodesh Ha-qadashim, also called Devir, the innermost and most sacred area of the ancient Temple of Jerusalem, accessible only to the Israelite high priest." So we've had rabbis and Muslims keeping Jews away from the site of the 2nd Temple's existence.  It's said that if those enforcers see a Jew moving his lips, he's in trouble.  All this, yet Christians are allowed these privileges. 

National Security Minister Itamar Ben Gvir b: May 6, 1976 who is 47 years old,  visits the Temple Mount, January 3, 2023. (Courtesy Minhelet Har Habayit)  Ben Gvir had been long accused of being a provocateur, having previously led several visits to the Temple Mount as activist and member of Knesset, contentious marches through Jerusalem's Old City Muslim Quarter, and set up an office in the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood which witnessed several evictions of Palestinians. On 3 January 2023, he visited the Temple Mount where the al-Aqsa Mosque is located, spurring an international wave of criticism that labelled his visit purposely provocative. As a lawyer, he is known for defending Jewish radicals on trial in Israel.

Ben Gvir, the national security minister of Israel,  says ‘government will not surrender to Hamas’ after terror group warned against his visit; Likud denies Netanyahu asked far-right leader to postpone his visit.  He said, "“The Israeli government won’t capitulate to a murderous organization, to a repugnant terrorist group,” Ben Gvir said in the course of his visit, referring to Hamas threats. “The Temple Mount is the most important place for the people of Israel. The Temple Mount is open to all — Muslims, Christians and, yes, Jews too. Jews too. There won’t be racist discrimination in a government in which I am a member. Jews will ascend to the Temple Mount.” The United States also sided with Hamas, criticizing Ben Gvir for being there and using politics in a sacred religious place, intimidating that it was a crass thing to do.  They had a point, but their own politics didn't hide it very well.  

"All of the threats from Hamas don’t matter. We are in charge in Jerusalem and in all of the Land of Israel,” he declared, referring to the Gaza Strip-based Palestinian terror group that has threatened Israel with action if the so-called status quo on the Temple Mount is changed," he stated.  He seems fearless, believing in facing the enemy and charging head on.  He is determined to let the enemy know that Israel is in charge here..  He might have had a meeting of the minds with Jordan first explaining the feeling, especially now with the Abrahamic Accords in place, but this has been his personality and way of solving problems.  Netanyahu doesn't want to lose the government, either, and Gvir holds a few of the strings.  

Palestinian Authority presidential spokesman Nabil Abu Rudeineh called Ben-Gvir’s visit a “blatant attack” on the Al-Aksa Mosque on the Temple Mount. Jordan’s Foreign Ministry called it “a provocative step that is condemned, and a dangerous and unacceptable escalation.” Neighboring Egypt, which like Jordan has a peace treaty with Israel, also issued a condemnation.  

They don't like to hear it, but it's the truth. Israel had to fight the battles of 1947-1949, 1956, 1967, 1982 to prove that they have created Israel which includes all of Jerusalem. My personal feeling is the Gvir is like the man who needs lessons in making love.  There are ways of making it a most pleasant experience. Dayan would have been great!  

Resource:

https://www.oneforisrael.org/bible-based-teaching-from-israel/the-temple-was-built-on-a-threshing-floor/ 

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Holy-of-Holies

Israel's Casualties of War--With Moshe Dayan

Nadene Goldfoot                                             

                                  Moshe Dayan (1915-1981)  in middle

                                       

Dayan joined the Haganah in his youth and was a founder of the Palmah later.  He lost his eye in 1941 when in the British Army on the Lebanese territory.  He was in the Israel War of Independence and his unit repelled the Syrian army from Jordan Valley;  became commander of the Jerusalem region in august 1948.  He was chief of general staff from 1953 to 1958;  in 1956 responsible for the Sinai Operation;  elected to the Knesset in 1959 as a Mapai, Minisater of agriculture in 1959;  Minister of defense just before 6 Day War;  resigned in 1974;   and from 1977 to 1979 with Menahem Begin working on peace negotiations with Egypt.  

                       Aerial view of Temple Mount 

Dayan’s first act on the Temple Mount, only a few hours after IDF Chief Rabbi Shlomo Goren blew the shofar and gave the Shehecheyanu blessing beside the Western Wall, was to immediately remove the Israeli flag that the paratroopers had raised on the mount.

Dayan’s second act was to clear out the paratroop company that was supposed to remain permanently stationed in the northern part of the mount. Dayan rejected the insistent pleas of the head of Central Command, Uzi Narkiss, who tried to prevent him from taking this measure. Narkiss reminded Dayan that Jordan, too, had stationed a military contingent on the mount to maintain order, and that long ago the Romans had done the same, deploying a garrison force in the Antonia Fortress that Herod had built near the mount. But Dayan was not persuaded. He told Narkiss that it seemed to him the place would have to be left in the hands of the Muslim guards.

Despite harsh criticism from religious and nationalist circles, Dayan, just a few hours after his first public announcement to the Israeli people about the holy places and particularly the Temple Mount, succinctly stated: “We have returned to the holiest of our places, never to be parted from them again….We did not come to conquer the sacred sites of others or to restrict their religious rights, but rather to ensure the integrity of the city and to live in it with others in fraternity.”

             David  Ben Gurion ( David Gruen) 1886-1975) 1st Prime Minister, Minister of Defense, organized the Israeli army

Here Dayan behaved as the successor of David Ben-Gurion, who already during the War of Independence in July 1948, when it appeared that the Jewish forces were about to conquer the Old City,   

 ordered David Shaltiel, Haganah commander in Jerusalem (Jewish self-defense group in Eretz Israel) or Palestine before 1948, to “prepare a special force, loyal and disciplined…

that will use without mercy a machinegun against any Jew who tries to rob or desecrate a holy place, Christian or Muslim.” Ben-Gurion also recommended that Shaltiel mine the entrances to the holy places so as to prevent harm to them.

    Haganah, They succeeded the Ha-Shomer in 1920 that had formed. and Haganah kept going until 1948.  Then members transferred to Tzeva Haganah Le-Israel.  Under the British, there was little if any protection for the Jewish population.  That's why they had formed.   

And may this be the last, Israeli casualties of war, in addition to those of Israel's nine major wars, include 9,745 soldiers and security forces personnel killed in "miscellaneous engagements and terrorist attacks", which includes security forces members killed during military operations, by fighting crime, natural disasters, diseases, traffic or labor accidents and disabled veterans whose disabilities contributed to their deaths.

 Between 1948 and 1997, 20,093, Israeli soldiers were killed in combat, 75,000 Israelis were wounded, and nearly 100,000 Israelis were considered disabled army veterans.

 On the other hand, in 2010 Yom Hazikaron, Israel honored the memory of 22,684 Israeli soldiers and pre-Israeli Palestinian Jews killed since 1860 in the line of duty for the independence, preservation and protection of the nation, and 3,971 civilian terror victims. 

The memorial roll, in addition to IDF members deceased, also include fallen members of the Shin Bet security service, the Mossad intelligence service, the Israel Police, the Border Police, the Israel Prisons Service, other Israeli security forces, the pre-state Jewish underground, and the Jewish Brigade and the Jewish Legion (which served alongside British forces in World War II and World War I respectively).

Regular conflicts

Bold indicates conflicts considered wars by the Israeli Ministry of Defense (as they were named by Israel):

Conflict	Military deaths	Civilian deaths	Total deaths (not including foreigners)	Military and/or civilian wounded	Total casualties
War of Independence (1948)	4,000	2,400	6,373[1][better source needed]	15,000[26]	21,400
1951–1955 fedayeen attacks including Retribution operations	Unknown	Unknown	400[27]-967[28]	900[27]-1,300[29]	1,300–2,267
1956–1967 fedayeen attacks	Unknown	Unknown	178[12]	1,574+[30]	1,752+
1968–1987 fedayeen attacks	Unknown	Unknown	567[12]	Unknown	Unknown
Sinai War (1956)	231[1][better source needed]	0	231	899	1,130
Samu Incident (1966)	1	0	1	10	11
Six-Day War (1967)	776[31]	20[32]	796	4,517	5,293
War of Attrition (1967–71)	1,424[33][34][better source needed]	127[34]	1,551	2,700	4,251+
Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon (1968–1982)	unknown	unknown	unknown	unknown	unknown
Yom Kippur War (1973)	2,656	0	2,656	9,000	11,656
Operation Litani (1978)	18[35]	0	18	113[35]	131
First Lebanon War (1982-1985)	657	10	667	6,500[36][37][38][better source needed]	7,167
Security Zone in Lebanon Campaign (1985-2000)	256	90	636	1,200	1,836
First Intifada 1987–1993	60[39]	100[39]	160	500	660
Palestinian political violence 1993–2000	170[40]	99	269	400	669
Second Intifada 2000–2008 including Operation Defensive Wall, Operation Rainbow and Operation Days of Penitence (fatalities since the outbreak of the Second Intifada and until Operation Cast Lead)	332[10]	731[10]	1,063	8,800[41][42]	9,863[43]
2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict	16	7	23	19	42
Second Lebanon War (2006)	121	44	165	2,067	2,237[44]
Operation Cast Lead (2008–09)	10[45]	3	13	518	531
Current Palestinian and foreigner violence in Israel and the Palestinian Authority and Gaza Strip (since 19 January 2009) including Operation Pillar of Defense (excluding Operation Protective Edge and Operation Guardian of the Walls)	18[46][47][48][49]	52[50][51][52][53][54][55][56]	70[7]	322[57][58][59][60]	392+
2010 Israel–Lebanon border clash, Hanikra border clash and Golan clashes	4[61][62][63]	1[64]	5	17[64][65][66][67][68]	22
Operation Protective Edge (2014)	67[69]	5	72	530	602
2021 Israel–Palestine crisis	1	10	11	119	130

Israel has had enough casualties of war for a teeny country now maintaining a population of about 9.053,070 million with about 6 of those million being Jewish and this was figured in 2023 by the worldometer.  This amounts to 0.11% of the world's population.  Back in 1955, the population was only 1,691,878 which was  0.06% of the world population.  They have been so unimportant to the world population-wise, but important in other ways; the very seat of the Bible...a people who have come back to life after the Nazis tried to stamp them out, to eradicate them like unwanted rats, as that's how they saw Jews. 

 Jews know;  they realize how others see them.  They are determined;  I know I am, to show that they are there in Israel to stay;  that their rights will not be taken again from them;  that they stand for justice and peace--something that was taken from them....that the moment any of this is threatened, even by their own government--they will rise up.  So you've seen them in action.  Don't try to stifle these creative minds with any type of hatred--whether it be from BDS or Iran..  They are there to repair the world from Jerusalem somehow, some way, and will do so.   

Reference: 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_casualties_of_war

The Threshing Floor: Temple Mount's Importance to Jews But Also to Muslims and Christians

 Nadene Goldfoot                                              

The Temple Mount is policed by Jordan's representatives.  They do not let Jews pray here, even though it is where Solomon's 1st Temple was built, and restored as the 2nd Temple. 

Moshe Dayan (1915-1981) In 1948 appointed Commander of the Jerusalem region; Chief of general staff of the Israel army from 1953-1958 and in 1956 responsible for the Sinai Operation. 'Elected to the Knesset in 1959.  Just before Six Day War was Minister of Defense.  He resigned in 1974.  Moshe was son of Russian Shemuel Dayan who entered Palestine in 1908 and a founder of Deganyah and Nahalal, leader of a moshavim cooperative settlement group and represented Mapai in Knesset 1949-1959.  He was from a family of leadership.  

 Jordan was given this honor by Moshe Dayan, who realized that there were 2 mosques standing on the Temple Mount.  It was the Six Day War of 1967 and he had had enough of fighting.  He was the general.  

              4 days ago a surprise visit to Jordan to see King Abdullah

Today with Netanyahu's government which is made of many orthodox/ observant Jews, this is a problem.  Allowing Jews to pray here was probably a promise of the new government.  Since June 1967, it hasn't been allowed, leading to a lot of stone throwing by the young Muslim men that hit Jews there.  Dayan was not an observant Jew, and Netanyahu is probably not, either, though both most likely kept kosher.  I feel that Netanyahu knows his history inside and out, but Dayan may not have.  Netanyahu just returned from Jordan for a talk with King Abdullah.  

    One place Jews can pray, the Kotel (the wall).  

     Jerusalem; Temple Mount and East Jerusalem (Muslim Quarter)

In 638, the city fell to the caliph Omar who set up a place of prayer in the Temple esplanade which was rebuilt in 691 as the Dome of the Rock by the Umayyad caliph, Abd-el malik.  Under Arab rule, the Jews were allowed to return, but the city began to decay after the transfer of the center of Abbasid rule to Baghdad in 750.  The Fatimids of the 11th century built the 2nd mosque, El-Aksa, on the Temple site.                            

During this surprise visit to Jordan, King Abdullah, who the royal court said, underlined the need for Israel to respect the status quo of the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem.  

                   New Minister:  Itamar Ben-Gvir

What had happened that ignited  the need for these leaders to talk was the fact that "Far-right Israeli national security minister Itamar Ben-Gvir toured the Al-Aqsa mosque compound, which Jews revere as the Temple Mount, under heavy security this month. The visit angered Palestinians and caused an outcry among Arab states.                     

 The compound is Islam's third-holiest site after Mecca and Medina, and Judaism's most sacred site.

The Dome and Al-Aqsa Mosque are both located on the Temple Mount, the site of Solomon's Temple and its successors. The Dome of the Rock was built between AD 685 and 691 by the caliph 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, not as a mosque for public worship but rather as a mashhad, a shrine for pilgrims.                             

Abraham (born about 1945 BCE)  was stopped by an angel, and would not ever do this again.  Here's where sacrificing humans stopped in Jewish tradition.  

When Abraham was commanded to prepare his son Isaac for sacrifice, the father and son went up to “the place that G-d chooses” – Mount Moriah, and to its peak – 

The Foundation Stone is the threshing floor of the Jebusite, Araunah.  David bought it from Araunah.  

the Foundation Stone – where the binding of Isaac took place.

Of course, we have a disagreement about this with the Muslims who say that Abraham was to sacrifice Ishmael, his son by Hagar, Sarah's handmaid who was a princess.  

The Islamists claim its importance is because Mohammad landed here on his flying horse and then flew away, a slightly different tale where it's usually a carpet used for flying in stories.  The Buraq  is a heavenly equine in Islamic tradition that served as the mount of the Islamic prophet Muhammad during his Isra and Mi'raj journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and up through the heavens and back by night.  According to Islamic tradition, the Night Journey took place ten years after Muhammad announced his prophethood, during the 7th century. Muhammad had been in Mecca, at his cousin's home (the house of Fakhitah bint Abi Talib), when he went to al-masjid al-harām "the inviolable/sacred temple" (Al-Haram Mosque). While he was resting at the Kaaba, Gabriel appeared to him bringing the Buraq, which carried Muhammad in the archangel's company, to al-masjid al-aqṣá "the farthest/distant temple", traditionally held to be in Jerusalem and identified with the Holy Temple (Bayt Al-Maqdis).  After reaching Jerusalem he alighted from the Buraq, prayed on the site of the Temple, and then mounted it again as the creature ascended to the seven heavens where he met Adam, Jesus and his cousin John the Baptist, Joseph, Enoch, Aaron, Moses and Abraham one by one until he reached the throne of God. God communicated with him giving him words and instructions, most importantly the commandment to Muslims to offer prayers, initially fifty times a day. At the urging of Moses, Muhammad returned to God several times before eventually reducing the number to five.                                     

 Orthodox Jewish tradition maintains it is here that the third and final Temple will be built when the Messiah comes. The Temple Mount is the place Jews turn towards during prayer. Jewish attitudes towards entering the site vary. Due to its extreme sanctity, many Jews will not walk on the Mount itself, to avoid unintentionally entering the area where the Holy of Holies stood, since, according to rabbinical law, there is still some aspect of the divine presence at the site.

It is the rock at the center of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. It is also known as the Pierced Stone, because it has a small hole on the southeastern corner that enters a cavern beneath the rock, known as the Well of Souls.

Traditional Jewish sources mention the stone as the place from which the creation of the world began. Classical Jewish sources also identify its location with that of the Holy of Holies or the axis mundi, the center of the world and the place where the physical and spiritual worlds connected

The Jewish Roman-Era midrash, Tanhuma sums up the centrality of and holiness of this site in Judaism:

As the navel is set in the centre of the human body,

so is the land of Israel the navel of the world...

situated in the centre of the world,

and Jerusalem in the centre of the land of Israel,

and the sanctuary in the centre of Jerusalem,

and the holy place in the centre of the sanctuary,

and the ark in the centre of the holy place,

and the Foundation Stone before the holy place,

because from it the world was founded.

Ancient Jewish references to the Temple Mount are:

In the days when Selichot are recited, in the days leading up to Rosh Hashanah until Yom Kippur, the supplications include the following references:

טענתנו גפי קרת נתונים, ישבתנו שן סלע איתנים

You carried us and placed us on the [Holy] City’s height, You settled us on the Patriarch’s rocky peak.

רבוצה עליו אבן שתית חטובים ...שמה בתוך לפני מזיב מאשנבים

Upon it lying the stone from which the foundation was hewn… Who gives ear from which the waters flow [i.e. the foundation stone "from which flow all the waters of the world"].

During Sukkot, the following references to the Foundation Stone are mentioned in the Hoshanot recital:

הושענא! – אבן שתיה – הושענא

Please save! – Foundation Stone – Please save!

הושענא! – תאדרנו באבן תלולה – הושענא

Please save! – Adorn us with the elevated Stone – Please save!   

How David Used the Threshing Floor to put an end to a plague taking lives 

David saw from his palace a vision of an angel at the threshing floor of Araunah. Standing between heaven and earth, with sword drawn, the angel was ready to strike Jerusalem next. Falling to their knees, the elders and David pleaded for the plague to stop. For things to be made right, the angel sent word to David to go up to Araunah’s threshing floor on Mount Moriah and build an altar of sacrifice. Though Araunah wanted to gift the threshing floor, plus the oxen, grain, and sledges as wood for the sacrifice, David insisted on paying for it. There, David built an altar, offered sacrifices, and called on God for mercy. 

The last Jebusite (Canaanite) king was Araunah (II Sam. 24:15).  The Jebusites remained in the city under David and became tributary under Solomon.  In the course of time, they appear to have been assimilated.  Interestingly, Araunah’s threshing floor marks an important place in history, for it became the site on Mount Moriah where Solomon would build Yahweh’s temple in Jerusalem. In the same place where David offered sacrifices at Araunah’s threshing floor, his son Solomon stood before a new bronze altar, and as sacrifices were made, he dedicated the newly finished temple. As mentioned in 2 Chronicles 3:1,

Then Solomon began to build the temple of the Lord in Jerusalem on Mount Moriah, where the Lord had appeared to his father David. It was on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.

This temple would play a pivotal role in the social and economic life of the Jewish people from c. 957 BCE until its destruction at the hands of the Babylonians in 587, as would the Second Temple on the same site from c. 516 BCE until its destruction by the Romans in 70 CE. Furthermore, the same Temple Mount area - over Araunah’s threshing floor - is still considered a holy site for Jewish, Christian, and Islamic people today.                     

The Temple Institute - King David and the Elders don sackcloth and implore G-d to end the plague afflicting Israel, as a Heavenly fire 

 hovers above the offering, as is written: “[David]

As the account tells, God answers by sending fire from heaven onto the altar! The plague ceased.

Arabic QUBBAT AS-SAKHRAH, also erroneously referred to as the MOSQUE OF OMAR:  This shrine in Jerusalem is the oldest extant Islamic monument. The rock over which the shrine was built is sacred to both Muslims and Jews. The Prophet Muhammad, founder of Islam, is traditionally believed to have ascended into heaven from the site on his flying horse. In Jewish tradition, it is here that Abraham, the progenitor and first patriarch of the Hebrew people, is said to have prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac.

Jordan lets Christians pray here, but not the Jews, yet Israel is their neighbor.

Israeli flag seen near the Dome of the Rock | File photo: Reuters/Ammar Awad

Amman presents list of demands with regard to the flashpoint site, which includes limiting visits by Jewish groups and replacing Border Police officers with Waqf security. Nevertheless, one Israeli expert says maintaining Jordan's status in Jerusalem is in Israel's interests.  Of course, the Temple Mount is in the center of Jerusalem which is the capital of Israel and always has been since King David.  It's obvious that Jews should be allowed to pray in their own capital on top of Mount Moriah.  Then again, that would take King Abdullah to ease up. Neither man wants a war over this.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Mount

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_Stone

https://home.adelphi.edu/~dy21045/thewesternwall.html#:~:text=When%20Abraham%20was%20commanded%20to,binding%20of%20Isaac%20took%20place.

https://www.bu.edu/mzank/Michael_Zank/Jerusalem/domeoftherock.html#:~:text=The%20Dome%20and%20Al%2DAqsa,mashhad%2C%20a%20shrine%20for%20pilgrims.

https://www.timesofisrael.com/despite-report-hed-delay-ben-gvir-visits-temple-mount-for-1st-time-as-minister/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buraq#:~:text=The%20Buraq%20(Arabic%3A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%92%D8%A8%D9%8F%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%82%20%2F,heavens%20and%20back%20by%20night.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_Mount

https://www.israelhayom.com/2022/05/20/jordan-fully-determined-to-end-jewish-prayer-on-temple-mount/

https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2050/threshing-floors-of-the-bible/

https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/king-abdullah-meets-israeli-pm-netanyahu-surprise-jordan-visit-royal-court-2023-01-24/