9/11 AND THAT OTHER HATEFUL TERRORIST AMONG OTHER TERRORISTS

 Nadene Goldfoot

                                                                         

Osama bin Laden—Osama bin Laden, as the founder and leader of the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, was the mastermind behind the September 11, 2001, (9/11) attacks. The attacks were the culmination of years of anti-American rhetoric and violence, which he justified with a range of political and religious grievances. 

Al-Qaeda is a pan-Islamist militant organization led by Sunni jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic caliphate. Its membership is mostly composed of Arabs but also includes people from other ethnic groups.

He was also known as Usama bin Laden—was a violent terrorist and mass murderer who used bombings and bloodshed to advance his extremist goals.  Born in 1957 in Saudi Arabia, 6'6 to 6'4, 160 lbs, 

After founding the terrorist organization al Qaeda, he engineered a series of attacks in multiple countries that killed thousands of men, women, and children, often ordinary citizens just going about their daily lives.                              

 Four of the 9/11 hijackers, Mohamed Atta, Marwan Al-Shehhi, Ziad Jarrah, and Hani Hanjour, received flight training in the United States, taking lessons at various flight schools including Huffman Aviation in Florida. Other hijackers, such as Nawaf al-Hazmi and Khalid al-Mihdhar, also took flight lessons in the U.S., with their training sometimes beginning with English-language classes. 

The 9/11 attacks were carried out by the terrorist organization al-Qaeda, led by Osama bin Laden. There is no evidence connecting Israel to the 9/11 attacks, and conspiracy theories alleging this have been widely debunked as false and antisemitic. 

• Separation: After the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan, bin Laden and Azzam's ideologies diverged. In 1988, bin Laden established al-Qaeda ("the Base") as a separate organization, with the goal of expanding jihadist operations to other parts of the world. Other founding members included Abdullah Azzam, a Palestinian scholar, and Muhammad Atef, an Egyptian jihadist.

     Israel fights against multiple terrorist groups, including: 

• Hamas: A Palestinian Sunni Islamist militant and political organization that controls the Gaza Strip, supplied from Iran.
• Hezbollah: An Iran-backed Lebanese Shia militia and political party that operates along Israel's northern border.
• Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ): Another Iran-backed Palestinian militant group that launches attacks from Gaza.
• ISIS-Sinai Province: A regional affiliate of the Islamic State (ISIS) that has posed a threat to Israel from Egypt's Sinai Peninsula.
• Houthis of Yemen: supplied by Iran as others are, also.  
• Other smaller militant factions: Israel also combats various other militant groups in the West Bank and Gaza. 
• The Middle-Easterners were not concerned with Israel during this period
• They could find other faults to kill for.  Al-Qaeda wanted to spread their way 
• 1:  Arabian Peninsula (Yemen and Saudi Arabia):
• 2:  North and West Africa (the Maghreb and Sahel): 
• 3. Horn of Africa (Somalia):
• 4. South Asia (Afghanistan and Indian Subcontinent):
• 5. Syria and Iraq:

Resource:

https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/osama-bin-laden

https://www.reuters.com/news/picture/osama-bin-laden-idUKRTR2LVPR/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda#:~:text=assault%20rifle%2C%202012-,Affiliates,Islam%20wal%2DMuslimin%20(JNIM)

Taliban with Al Qaeda in the Fall of Afghanistan

Nadene Goldfoot                                                

Afghan Taliban militants and villagers celebrate the peace deal and their victory in the Afghan conflict in the Alingar district of Laghman Province on March 2.NOORULLAH SHIRZADA / AFP - Getty Images  WASHINGTON — The Afghan Taliban have kept up a close relationship with Al Qaeda despite having pledged to stop cooperating with terrorist groups, permitting the militants to conduct training in Afghanistan and deploy fighters alongside its forces, according to the head of a U.N. panel monitoring the insurgency.

The Taliban and al Qaeda are mutual killers who work together.  

The Taliban is a predominantly Pashtun, Islamic fundamentalist group that ruled Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001, when a U.S.-led invasion toppled the regime for providing refuge to al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden. The Taliban regrouped across the border in Pakistan and has led an insurgency against the U.S.-backed government in Kabul, Afghanistan  for nearly twenty years.  The USA got into this fight over 9/11 which was executed by al Qaeda.  

On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al Qaeda hijacked four airplanes and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Almost 3,000 people were killed during the 9/11 terrorist attacks, which triggered major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defined the presidency of George W. Bush.

Afghanistan has al-Qaeda to contend with thanks to the Taliban.  "Al-Qaeda, Arabic al-Qāʿidah (“the Base”), broad-based militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the late 1980s.  Osama bin Laden, also spelled Usāmah ibn Lādin, (born 1957, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia—died May 2, 2011, Abbottabad, Pakistan), founder of the militant Islamist organization al-Qaeda and mastermind of numerous terrorist attacks against the United States and other Western powers, including the 2000 suicide bombing of the U.S. warship Cole in the Yemeni port of Aden and the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon near Washington, D.C.

Afghanistan's population in 2011 was 28,395, 716 and was the 12th largest Muslim majority state.  They were 99.8% Muslim with 90% being Sunni and 10% Shiia.  The Pashtuns are an Iranic ethnic group and make up one of the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan, comprising between 38% and 42% of the country's population. Afghanistan's military troops were only 70,000 compared with Iraq, who had 254,418 with almost the same sized population.  They had about the same sized force as Yemen.                   

The Taliban emerged in 1994 as one of the prominent factions in the Afghan Civil War and largely consisted of students (talib) from the Pashtun areas of eastern and southern Afghanistan who had been educated in traditional Islamic schools, and fought during the Soviet–Afghan War. Under the leadership of Mohammed Omar, the movement spread throughout most of Afghanistan, sequestering power from the Mujahideen warlords. The totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was established in 1996 and the Afghan capital was transferred to Kandahar. It held control of most of the country until being overthrown after the American-led invasion of Afghanistan in December 2001 following the September 11 attacks.                                                

                                  Taliban's Mullah Omar

According to a 55-page report by the United Nations, the Taliban, while trying to consolidate control over northern and western Afghanistan, committed systematic massacres against civilians. UN officials stated that there had been "15 massacres" between 1996 and 2001. They also said, that "[t]hese have been highly systematic and they all lead back to the [Taliban] Ministry of Defense or to Mullah Omar himself." "Mullah Mohammed Omar was an Afghan mujahid commander who led the Taliban, and founded the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 1996. Born into a poor family, Omar graduated from Darul Uloom Haqqania in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan."

"These are the same type of war crimes as were committed in Bosnia and should be prosecuted in international courts", one UN official was quoted as saying. The documents also reveal the role of Arab and Pakistani support troops in these killings.                                         

Bin Laden's so-called 055 Brigade was responsible for mass-killings of Afghan civilians. "The 055 Brigade (or 55th Arab Brigade) was a guerrilla organization sponsored and trained by Al Qaeda that was integrated into the Taliban army between 1995 and 2001."They were equipped with weapons left behind by the Soviets, as well as those provided by the Sudanese and Taliban governments. The Brigade was also the beneficiary of Al Qaeda's worldwide network of procurement officers who obtained sophisticated equipment including satellite phones, night vision goggles, and even airplanes. Reports from Time magazine indicate that members of the 055 Brigade were often deployed in smaller groups to help reinforce regular Afghan members of the Taliban. This was often achieved via threats or intimidation designed to enforce discipline and a commitment to   mujahedin philosophy."    

  

   The report by the United Nations quotes "eyewitnesses in many villages describing Arab fighters carrying long knives used for slitting throats and skinning people". The Taliban's former ambassador to Pakistan, Mullah Abdul Salam Zaeef, in late 2011 stated that cruel behaviour under and by the Taliban had been "necessary".

The Taliban have been condemned internationally for the harsh enforcement of their interpretation of Islamic Sharia law, which has resulted in the brutal treatment of many Afghans. During their rule from 1996 to 2001, the Taliban and their allies committed massacres against Afghan civilians, denied UN food supplies to 160,000 starving civilians and conducted a policy of scorched earth, burning vast areas of fertile land and destroying tens of thousands of homes.

 While the Taliban controlled Afghanistan, they banned activities and media including paintings, photography, and movies if they showed people or other living things, and prohibited music using instruments.

                                                                   

 The Taliban prevented women from attending school, banned women from working jobs outside of healthcare (male doctors were prohibited from seeing women), and required that women were accompanied by a male relative and wear a burqa at all times when in public. If women broke certain rules, they were publicly whipped or executed.          

Religious and ethnic minorities were heavily discriminated against during Taliban rule. According to the United Nations, the Taliban and their allies were responsible for 76% of Afghan civilian casualties in 2010, and 80% in 2011 and 2012. The Taliban also engaged in cultural genocide, destroying numerous monuments including the famous 1500-year old Buddhas of Bamiyan.

                                                         

Taliban fighters in Balkh and elsewhere have made a rapid advance in recent weeks

"The Taliban's ideology has been described as combining an "innovative" form of sharia Islamic law based on Deobandi fundamentalism and the militant Islamism combined with Pashtun social and cultural norms known as Pashtunwali, as most Taliban are Pashtun tribesmen."  

From what I have read, Pashtunwali is an ethical part of their culture, and I believe combined with what they had remembered of their Mosaic teaching when part of the 10 tribes of Jacob.  However, this Sharia Law is something that is so severe, that freedom or rights seem to be dirty talk to them.  They are to act like programmed robots without feelings.                         

                    Taliban fighters patrol a street in the city of Herat. [Reuters]

I question why it is that Afghanis have given into the Talibans without much of a fight.  The US right now is in the act of getting the US embassy evacuated and has sent in 3,000 troops to help them do so.  The president of Afghanistan has already skipped out of the country.  One city, an anti-Taliban city, Maza el Sharif, was holding out of all the cities.  Translators who helped Americans are left behind.  Is it because the Afghanis feel that brother is fighting against brother and they haven't the heart to kill their own?

The USA did during the Civil War back in 1861.  Brother often was fighting brother.  Their ideology was different.  One was more interested in the using of Blacks for economic reasons, and the other wanted them free and treated like the whites.

                                                                    

         Many Afghans who have fled the fighting have sought refuge in Kabul

With the Afghanis, religion is the base problem.  Taliban want to install the strict Sharia Law throughout not only Afghanistan and all the Middle East but the whole world, including Los Angeles, California and New York City, Paris, London, etc.  Al-Qaeda will help them do it.    

It's commendable if they couldn't kill, but the Taliban show no hesitation to kill Afghani citizens.  What they are now in for will most likely last their whole lifetime.  There is no freedom of speech or any other freedom, not even of thought.  They and their children, if not killed, are in for much brainwashing.  

                                                                  

Al-Qaeda began as a logistical network to support Muslims fighting against the Soviet Union during the Afghan War; members were recruited throughout the Islamic world. When the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989, the organization dispersed but continued to oppose what its leaders considered corrupt Islamic regimes and foreign (i.e., U.S.) presence in Islamic lands. Based in Sudan for a period in the early 1990s, the group eventually reestablished its headquarters in Afghanistan (c. 1996) under the patronage of the Taliban militia." 

Al-Qaeda was linked—whether directly or indirectly—to more attacks in the six years following September 11 than it had been in the six years prior, including attacks in Jordan, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Israel, Algeria, and elsewhere. 

At the same time, al-Qaeda increasingly utilized the Internet as an expansive venue for communication and recruitment and as a mouthpiece for video messages, broadcasts, and propaganda. Meanwhile, some observers expressed concern that U.S. strategy—centered primarily on attempts to overwhelm al-Qaeda militarily—was ineffectual, and at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, al-Qaeda was thought to have reached its greatest strength since the attacks of September 2001.  

Many observers believe that the group’s primary goal remains to inspire, plan, and carry out attacks against the United States and its allies around the world, with particular emphasis on targeting economic and energy infrastructure and fomenting unrest in Iraq, Afghanistan, the Persian Gulf states, and countries neighboring Israel.

British Defense Secretary Ben Wallace warned Friday that Afghanistan risks becoming a failed state and predicted a-Qaida will again thrive in the country.

“I’m absolutely worried that failed states are breeding grounds for those types of people,” he told British broadcaster Sky News.                                                            

The Taliban, which has between fifty-eight thousand and one hundred thousand full-time fighters, is stronger now than at any point in the last twenty years. As the United States has withdrawn its remaining forces from Afghanistan, the Taliban has increased attacks on civilians, seized control of critical border crossings, and dramatically expanded its presence throughout the country. In July 2021, the group controlled an estimated 54 percent of Afghan districts, according to the Foundation for Defense of Democracies Long War Journal, a U.S.-based publication that has covered the U.S. fight against al-Qaeda and other militant groups since 2007; just months earlier it controlled only 20 percent. By midsummer 2021, sixteen of the country’s thirty-four provincial capitals were at risk of falling under Taliban control.  As of today, August 15, 2021, Afghanistan has fallen to the Taliban.  

And then there's COVID 19, turning into Delta and now Lambda just detected which is from Peru and in California ; from August 1 to 14, a reported 5,247 cases.  So far, Afghanistan has had 152K cases and 7,000 deaths from the Covid 19 virus.  

Resource:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/al-Qaeda

https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/9-11-attacks

https://www.voanews.com/us-afghanistan-troop-withdrawal/al-qaida-will-return-afghanistan-british-official-says

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osama-bin-Laden

https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL32759.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban

https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/taliban-afghanistan

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58219169

USA Not Dodging the Bullet Since 9/11 While Dealing With Peace in the Middle East

 Nadene Goldfoot                                               

A plane approaches New York's World Trade Center moments before it struck the tower at left, as seen from downtown Brooklyn, Tuesday, Sept. 11, 2001. In an unprecedented show of terrorist horror, the 110 story towers collapsed in a shower of rubble and dust after 2 hijacked airliners carrying scores of passengers slammed into them. (AP Photo/ William Kratzke)

"On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al Qaeda hijacked four airplanes and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Almost 3,000 people were killed during the 9/11 terrorist attacks, which triggered major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism and defined the presidency of George W. Bush.(January 2001-2009)"                                          

President George Walker Bush had just started trying to solve the Israel-Palestine peace process, taking office January 20, 2001,  which would bring about a state of Palestine, which was receiving a lot of his attention.  His Roadmap Towards Peace " contained the principles of the plan, originally drafted by U.S. Foreign Service Officer Donald Blome, (Donald Blome, a career Foreign Service officer, assumed the position of American Consul General in Jerusalem July 27, 2015. Prior to that, he worked as Director of the State Department’s Office of Arabian Peninsula Affairs from 2013-2015.)  were first outlined by U.S. President George W. Bush in a speech on 24 June 2002, in which he called for an independent Palestinian state living side by side with Israel in peace."  This call for a Palestinian State came after being hit on September 11, 2001.

After such an attack in New York by Saudi Arabian terrorists of al Qaeda, the Roadmap was almost like a mea culpa.  His father had put a lot of pressure on Israel, and now the Arabs felt they had to be heard since Clinton was looked upon as weaker with this tiny country, and so did Bush. They wanted Israel wiped out!

                                                           

  The Bill Clinton's 2000 Camp David Summit was a summit meeting at Camp David between United States president Bill Clinton, Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat. The summit took place between 11 and 25 July 2000 and was an effort to end the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The summit ended without an agreement.  Arafat didn't get his way, but neither did Israel.  There were countries who took the USA's response to 9/11 as weak.                                           

His father, President George Herbert Walker Bush (1989-1993) was one to  get  tough with Israel.  President George H.W. Bush insisted on a delay in loan guarantees to Israel until after a multilateral peace summit in Madrid, Spain, in October 1991.  His son's attitude towards Israel may be affected by his father's  attitude.                                                 

Before Bush's term, Ronald Reagan was president from 1981 to 1989.  In his speech, Mr. Reagan said specifically that the United States would ''not support the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza.'' The President added that in the American view ''self-government by the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza in association with Jordan offered the best chance for a durable, just and lasting peace.''

 Being Israel was established for Jewish people, I will mention that Former Episcopalian, Bush left his family's Episcopal church to join his wife's United Methodist church, if this has anything to do with George Walker Bush's own ideas.  It does show that he wants to live in peace with his wife.  Do people see Judaism and Islam as similar as Methodists and Episcopalians?  

Jimmy Carter, our 39th President (1977-1981) , was all for a 2-state solution, but he wrote terrible things in his book/books about Israel.  

 President Ford, our 38th President (1974-1977), said,  that first they have to recognize Israel before any talks can be made." r 3, 1975)(November 3, 1975)

Beginning with the Nixon Administration starting in 1969-1974), presidents with their good intentions have unknowingly sponsored and participated in a plan by Israel's enemies to eliminate the nation of Israel by forcing her into indefensible borders.  When Obama asked to go back to before 1967, did he realize what he was saying? Look at the distances.  1967 was a war Israel had to fight defensively against Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq.  And why?  Because they are Jews, not Moslems.  

Israel insists on peace with secure borders.  Israel has only known armistice lines and cease fire lines.  She wants borders that are defensible, and not constitute a temptation to a potential aggressor as did the pre-1967 lines.  

                                                             

  Jordan was given 80% of the Jewish Homeland, promised to the Jews,first mentioned in the Balfour Declaration by the British who held the 30 year mandate.

Israel was created in the first place as a haven for the remaining Jews in the world.  The Holocaust wiped out 6 million after the planning of the state; with the war ending in 1945 and the state being created and accepted May 14, 1948.  Jews make up less than 1% of the world population, and only ask for a teeny part of the promised homeland made in 1920s by the League of Nations.  Is it so much to ask for their religious historic places to be a part of their homeland?  This cold-shoulder attitude, coming with some people's "Replacement Theory in their own religion, shows why they don't mind cutting the Jewish Homeland into pieces already and leaving very little for all the Jews of the world who have been returning to Israel after 2,000 years. They came here because it was here that they originally came from.  The land is part of their being, a direction from G-d to live in this place.  Are they the only ones left on earth that reads "The Old Testament?"  Of course not.  

"Since 9/11, our War on Terror,  our country has been faced with more than challenges;; catastrophes, political disruptions. 

We've had a trillion dollar hit on the U.S. economy due to 9/11/2001 terror events and the war on terror.  

,We had a $300 billion and growing war in Iraq and Afghanistan. with a decrease of soldiers just now happening.  "The War in Afghanistan stems from the United States invasion of Afghanistan on the 7 October 2001, when the United States of America and its allies successfully drove the Taliban from power in order to deny Al-Qaeda a safe base of operations in Afghanistan.  The War in Iraq started on March 20, 2003, all during George Bush's first term.  The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a United States-led coalition that overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government.  U.S. keeps 13,000 troops as October 2019 in Afghanistan.Result: Withdrawal completed in December 20, 2020...

National Terror Alerts have been costly and we've had many of them.

Concern of a Weapon of mass destruction attack on the USA-mainly from Iran, but North Korea is not out of the picture, either.

US government and embassies worldwide have had strained relationships over the war on terror; before Trump.

World leaders relationship with USA have been strained over Iraq and war on terror before Trump.

Bush's agenda included controlling 2 houses of Congress in his 2 terms, but Republicans were losing confidence and beginning to distant themselves from him for fear he could hurt them in their re-election efforts.  There's that putting re-election first and not the country again.  

People wanted to hear Bush talk about education, faith-based initiatives, anything but they heard more of Osama bin Laden, al Qaeda, Iraq and the War On Terror.

No one understood the size and complexity of the Middle East terror war.

Secretary of State Rice admitted there have been many errors in Iraq, and she was the one who walked out of Netanyahu's speech at the UN in preference for a luncheon date.  

Washington DC was becoming like a fortress; US cities were tightening their security, security cameras were placed throughout the country.  

The land of Israel was a mess ever since the Romans destroyed Jerusalem and their 2nd Temple in 70 CE.  It has been waiting for the Return of the Jews to blossom once again, and that is because it is so dear to the Jews.  No one else lived there as a nation.  It became a land of weeds and swamps and mosquitoes.  

The USA  has also had a surge of  extra problems since 9/11. 

Anthrax was discovered in the Senate Mall and federal buildings, cost of $3 billion. October 2, 2001

Nuclear, chemical or biological attacks on US, a warning from Osama bin Laden, Nov. 11, 2001

Flight #587 crashed of American Airlines on Nov. 12, 2001;  255 dead.

Tornadoes in Missouri to Maryland, 6 deaths, April 28, 2002

Colorado forest fire, 138,000 acres, 132 homes wiped out, June 8, 2002

Arizona forest fire, 550,000 acres, June 18-19, 2002. 

Hurricanes Isidore and  Lili, Oct. 1, 2002;  Hurricane Lili was the second costliest, deadliest, and strongest hurricane of the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season, only surpassed by Hurricane Isidore, which affected the same areas around a week before Lili.                                          

President Obama, our 44th president, took a very different stand from President Trump, who had his own peace plan.  Mr. Obama reaffirmed the crucial elements of the Camp David agreement from  and Resolution 242 by calling for a complete freeze on the building of settlements, constructed illegally (not according to Israel and International Law)  by Israel on Palestinian territory. (Israel Territory by conclusion of 1967 War where Israel fought a defensive war).  Later, in 2011, the president made clear that “the borders of Israel and Palestine should be based on the 1967 lines, (undefensive lines-not permanent lines).  ” 

Each presidency usually comes with its own set of problems; political and those out of our hands.    Now we're faced with COVID 19 Pandemic and its cost, of which I cannot fathom, causing more homeless people for those that live through it.  

 During this horrid period, Israel is getting peace with 2 Arab countries so far, which is a miracle in itself, initiated, I'm afraid, by the danger Israel and they face from Iran, a non-Arab country, though highly competitive.  

William Koenig has noticed and listed all the act of Mother Nature and other problems that presidents have to deal with that have happened after decisions against Israel have taken place.  We always have floods and such, but we never have considered them connected to what has happened to Israel, and he is astonishingly right.  Much has taken place.  He reminds us in his book that G-d will deal with the nations that come against Jerusalem "and all the nations of the world will gather against it," (Zachariah 12:3);  and ....for the Lord will have comforted His people.  He will have redeemed Jerusalem (Isaiah 52:7-9).  " And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem."  (Zachariah 12:9)  After all, the word, the name "Israel" is biblical; it's not like New York City or Paris or Moscow.  Israel is ancient history and it is modern history-same place-in our working world.  Updated 12/6/2020.  

Perhaps this will be the impetus to bring peace between the Palestinians and Israel so that Israel can live in peace for the first time in its 72 years.  

Resource:

Updated: 12/6/2020

Eye to Eye, Facing the consequences of Dividing Israel, by William Koenig,2008

https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/245373.htm

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/george-h-w-bush-last-president-to-get-tough-with-israel_n_5c06ac48e4b07aec5753418a

https://www.jstor.org/stable/43490281?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_of_U.S._troops_from_Afghanistan#:~:text=U.S.%20keeps%2013%2C000%20troops%20as%20October%202019.

Facts About Israel-Division of Information, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Jerusalem

https://ca.thegospelcoalition.org/columns/ad-fontes/anyone-actually-believe-replacement-theology/

https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/03/world/israel-rejects-reagan-plan-for-palestinians-self-rule-terms-it-serious-danger.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/28/opinion/jimmy-carter-america-must-recognize-palestine.html

Tanakh, Stone Edition (Old Testament)

The New Standard Jewish Enccyclopedia