Romans Overcoming Israel Shows What Can Happen If Russia Overcomes Ukraine

 Nadene Goldfoot      

How important is it to help Ukraine be the free democratic country it has been?    

Why shouldn't Russia be able to take Ukraine being they are stronger and can profit from it?                                            

                                                         

I just heard a lady on Fareed Zakaria (CNN) relate how important it is to stop Russia from taking a bite out of his neighbor, Ukraine to let people know they can't do things like this, and I thought immediately of Israel in 70 CE when the Romans did the same thing to them; 

and it's taken 2,000 to regain 10% of our land and be thankful for that much while having to fight ever since its birth on May 14, 1948, 77 years ago.  Watch out folks;  your country could be in peril all the time.  It's something else to  live like this, knowing such a fate is hanging over our head, especially at the time of the atomic bomb.

What does the USA offer to stop Russia?  Trump's friendship and order;  stop!  What does one do in such a case when the Romans got away with it 1,955 years ago and Russia only 11 years ago and is still gobbling it up?  

Before the Holocaust, Jews had been fighting off its enemies who were many;  like the Romans. Here are the first 10 centuries since Jerusalem was burned down by the Romans in 70 CE.  It only gets worse.  

In the 1st century:See what developed:, maybe another million Jews killed...

66–73 CE

The First Jewish–Roman War against the Romans is crushed by Vespasian and Titus. Titus refuses to accept a wreath of victory, because there is "no merit in vanquishing people forsaken by their own God." (Philostratus, Vita Apollonii) The events of this period were recorded in detail by the Jewish–Roman historian Josephus. His record is largely sympathetic to the Roman point of view and it was written in Rome under Roman protection; hence it is considered a controversial source. Josephus describes the Jewish revolt as being led by "tyrants," to the detriment of the city, and he describes Titus as having "moderation" in his escalation of the Siege of Jerusalem (70).

70 CE

Over 1,000,000 Jews perish and 97,000 are taken as slaves following the destruction of the Second Temple.  

During the siege of Jerusalem in 70 CE, an estimated 1.1 million people, primarily Jews, were killed. Historians like Josephus attribute this high death toll to the ongoing First Jewish-Roman War and the celebration of Passover within the city. While some sources indicate this number included those killed outside Jerusalem, the majority of deaths occurred within the city itself during the siege. Starvation was used at great lengths.  

70 CE

Pogrom against jews in Damascus

94 CE

Fabrications of Apion in Alexandria, Egypt, including the first recorded case of blood libel. Juvenal writes anti-Jewish poetry. Josephus picks apart contemporary and old antisemitic myths in his work Against Apion.

96 CE

Titus Flavius Clemens, nephew of the Roman Emperor Vespasian and supposed convert to Judaism is put to death on charges of atheism.

100 CE

Tacitus writes anti-Jewish polemic in his Histories (book 5). He reports on several old myths of ancient antisemitism (including that of the donkey's head in the Holy of Holies), but the key to his view that Jews "regard the rest of mankind with all the hatred of enemies" is his analysis of the extreme differences between monotheistic Judaism and the polytheism common throughout the Roman world.

Second century

[edit]

115–117

Thousands of Jews are killed during civil unrest in Egypt, Cyprus, and Cyrenaica, as recounted by Cassius Dio.

119

Roman Emperor Hadrian bans circumcision, making Judaism de facto illegal.

132–135

Crushing of the Bar Kokhba revolt. According to Cassius Dio 580,000 Jews are killed. Hadrian orders the expulsion of Jews from Judea, which is merged with Galilee in order to form the province of Syria Palaestina. Although large Jewish populations remain in Samaria and Galilee, with Tiberias as the headquarters of exiled Jewish patriarchs, this is the start of the Jewish diaspora. Hadrian constructs a pagan temple to Jupiter at the site of the Temple in Jerusalem, builds Aelia Capitolina among the ruins of Jerusalem.

136

Hadrian renames Jerusalem to Aelia Capitolina and builds a Roman monument over the site of the Temple Mount. Jews are banned from visiting. Judea is renamed to Syria Palestina, referring to the Greek words for both the Levant as well as the region at the time.

167

Earliest known accusation of Jewish deicide (the notion that Jews were held responsible for the death of Jesus), made in a sermon On the Passover, attributed to Melito of Sardis.  Anti-Semitism's beginning.  

175

Apollinaris the Apologist writes two books against the Jews.

Third century

259

The Jewish community of Nehardea is destroyed.

Fourth century

306

The Synod of Elvira-Christian meeting

in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica, now Granada in southern Spain

 bans intermarriage and sexual intercourse between Christians and Jews and forbids Jews and Christians from eating together.

315

Constantine I enacts various laws regarding the Jews: Jews are not allowed to own Christian slaves or to circumcise their slaves. Conversion of Christians to Judaism is outlawed. Congregations for religious services are restricted, but Jews are also allowed to enter the restituted Jerusalem on the anniversary of the Temple's destruction.

325

Jews are expelled and banned from Jerusalem by Christians.

325

First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea. The Christian Church separates the calculation of the date of Easter from the Jewish Passover: "It was ... declared improper to follow the custom of the Jews in the celebration of this holy festival, because, their hands having been stained with crime, the minds of these wretched men are necessarily blinded.... Let us, then, have nothing in common with the Jews, who are our adversaries. ... avoiding all contact with that evil way. ... who, after having compassed the death of the Lord, being out of their minds, are guided not by sound reason, but by an unrestrained passion, wherever their innate madness carries them. ... a people so utterly depraved. ... Therefore, this irregularity must be corrected, in order that we may no more have any thing in common with those parricides and the murderers of our Lord. ... no single point in common with the perjury of the Jews."

330

Rabbah bar Nahmani is forced to flee to the forest where he dies.

339

Intermarriage between Christians and Jews is banned in the Roman Empire, declaring the punishment death.

351

Book burning of Jewish texts in Persia (Iran).

351–352

Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus. Jews rise up against the corrupt rule of Gallus. Many towns are destroyed, thousands are killed.

353

Constantius II institutes a law stating that any Christian who converts to Judaism will have their property confiscated.

380

St. Gregory of Nyssa calls Jews "murders of the Lord, assassins of the prophets, rebels and detesters of God, companions of the devils, a race of vipers."

386

John Chrysostom of Antioch writes eight homilies called Adversus Judaeos (lit: Against the Judaizers). See also: Christianity and antisemitism.

388

1 August: A Christian mob incited by the local bishop plunders and burns down a synagogue in Callinicum. Theodosius I orders that those responsible be punished, and the synagogue is rebuilt at the Christians' expense. Ambrose of Milan insists in his letter that the whole case be dropped. He interrupts the liturgy in the emperor's presence with an ultimatum that he will not continue until the case is dropped. Theodosius complies.

399

The Western Roman Emperor Honorius calls Judaism superstitio indigna (unworthy superstition) and confiscates gold and silver collected by the synagogues for Jerusalem. (stealing money from the Jews)

Fifth century

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408

Roman laws pass which prohibit Jews from setting fire to Haman, stating that they are mocking Christianity.

415

A Jewish uprising in Alexandria claims the lives of many Christians. Bishop Cyril forces his way into the synagogue, expels the Jews (some authors estimate the numbers of Jews expelled up to 100 thousand) and gives their property to the mob. Later, near Antioch, Jews are accused of ritual murder during Purim. Christians confiscate the synagogue. Jews call it "415 C.E. Alexandria Expulsion".

415

An edict issued by the Emperors Honorius and Theodosius II ban building new Synagogues and converting non-Jews to Judaism.

418

The first record of Jews being forced to convert or face expulsion. Bishop Severus of Menorca, claimed to have forced 540 Jews to accept Christianity upon conquering the island. The synagogue in Magona, now Port Mahon the capital of Menorca, is burned.

419

The monk Barsauma (not to be confused with the famous Bishop of Nisibis) gathers a group of followers and for the next three years, he destroys synagogues throughout the province of Palestine.

425

The final nasi of the ancient Sanhedrin Gamliel VI is executed by the Roman Empire. This subsequently ended the Jewish patriarchate.

429

The East Roman Emperor Theodosius II orders that all funds raised by Jews to support their schools be turned over to his treasury. (stealing money from Jews)

438

Theodosius II's wife visits Jerusalem, and arranges for Jews to visit and pray at the ruins of the Temple Mount. This leads to Jews emigrating to Jerusalem, where some are killed after being stabbed and stoned by local monks. At the trial for the deaths the monks claimed that the stones fell from heaven and thus they were acquitted.

439

The Codex Theodosianus, the first imperial compilation of laws. Jews are prohibited from holding important positions involving money, including judicial and executive offices. The ban against building new synagogues is reinstated. The anti-Jewish statutes also apply to the Samaritans. The Code is also accepted by Western Roman Emperor, Valentinian III.

451

Sassanid ruler Yazdegerd II of Persia's decree abolishes the Sabbath and orders executions of Jewish leaders, including the Exilarch Mar Nuna.

465

Council of Vannes, Gaul prohibited the Christian clergy from participating in Jewish feasts.

469

Half of the Jewish population of Isfahan is put to death and their children are brought up as 'fire-worshippers' over the alleged killing of two Magi Priests.

470

Exilarch Huna V is executed as a result of persecution under King Peroz (Firuz) of Persia.

Sixth century

[edit]

502

After the Jews of Babylon revolt and gain a short period of independence, the Persian King Kobad crucifies the Exilarch Mar-Zutra II on the bridge of Mahoza.

506

Synagogue of Daphne is destroyed and its inhabitants are massacred by a Christian mob celebrating the result of a chariot race.

517

Christians are banned from participating in Jewish feasts as a result of the Council of Epaone.

519

Ravenna, Italy. After the local synagogues were burned down by the local mob, the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great orders the town to rebuild them at its own expense.

529–559

Byzantine Emperor Justinian the Great publishes Corpus Juris Civilis. New laws restrict citizenship to Christians. These regulations determined the status of Jews throughout the Empire for hundreds of years: Jewish civil rights restricted: "they shall enjoy no honors". The principle of Servitus Judaeorum (Servitude of the Jews) is established: the Jews cannot testify against Christians. The emperor becomes an arbiter in internal Jewish matters.^{[clarification needed]} The use of the Hebrew language in worship is forbidden. Shema Yisrael ("Hear, O Israel, the Lord is one"), sometimes considered the most important prayer in Judaism, is banned as a denial of the Trinity. Some Jewish communities are converted by force, their synagogues turned into churches.

531

Emperor Justinian rules that Jews cannot testify against Christians. Jewish liturgy is censored for being "anti-trinitarian."

535

Synagogue of Borion is closed and all Jewish practices are prohibited by order of Justinian.

535

The First Council of Clermont prohibits Jews from holding public office.

538

The Third Council of Orléans forbids Jews to employ Christian servants or possess Christian slaves. Jews are prohibited from appearing in the streets during Passion Week: "their appearance is an insult to Christianity". The Merovingian king Childebert approves the measure.

547

Jews and Samaritans in the Caesaria are massacred after a failed revolt.

576

In Clermont, Gaul, Bishop Avitus offers Jews a choice: accept Christianity or leave Clermont. Most emigrate to Marseilles.

582

The Merovingians order that all Jews of the kingdom are to be baptized.

589

The Council of Narbonne, Septimania, forbids Jews from chanting psalms while burying their dead. Anyone violating this law is fined 6 ounces of gold. The third Council of Toledo, held under Visigothic King Reccared, bans Jews from slave ownership and holding positions of authority, and reiterates the mutual ban on intermarriage. Reccared also rules children out of such marriages to be raised as Christians.

590–591

The Exilarch Haninai is executed by Khosrau II for supporting Mihrevandak. This halted all forms of Jewish self-governance for over 50 years.

592

The entire Jewish population of Antioch is punished because a Jew violated a law.

598

Bishop Victor of Palermo seizes the local synagogues and repurposes them into churches. In response, Pope Gregory I issues a letter of papal promise of protection for the Jews, the Sicut Iudaeis, which sets out the papal policy and will be later re-issued by various of his successors.

Seventh century

[edit]

608–610

Massacres of Jews all across the Byzantine Empire.

610–620

After many of his anti-Jewish edicts were ignored, King Sisebur prohibits Judaism in Hispania and Septimania. Those not baptized fled. This was the first incidence where a prohibition of Judaism affected an entire country.

614

Fifth Council of Paris decrees that all Jews holding military or civil positions must accept baptism, together with their families.

614–617

The Jewish revolt against Heraclius. The last serious attempt to gain Jewish autonomy in the Land of Israel prior to modern times.

615

Italy. The earliest referral to the Juramentum Judaeorum (the Jewish Oath): the concept that no heretic could be believed in court against a Christian. The oath became standardized throughout Europe in 1555.

617

After breaking their promise of Jewish autonomy in Jerusalem, the Persians forbid Jews from settling within three miles of the city.

626–627

The Council of Clichy declared that any Jew who accepts public office must convert.

627

Between 600 and 900 Jewish male captives including any boys showing signs of puberty are beheaded by Muslims on Muhammed's orders, many in front of their families, and the rest of the Jews are taken or sold into slavery in the Massacre of Banu Qurayza.

628

93 Jews are killed in the Battle of Khaybar. Among others, the 17-year-old Jew Safiyya bint Huyayy is enslaved by Muslims, bought by Muhammed to his bed on the very night of the day when her husband was tortured and beheaded and her family is slaughtered, and later manumitted and married to him. Therefore, 

Safiyya was captured as part of the spoils of war and later became one of Muhammad's wives. 

629

Byzantine Emperor Heraclius with his army marches into Jerusalem. Jewish inhabitants support him after his promise of amnesty. Upon his entry into Jerusalem the local priests convince him that killing Jews is a good deed. The only Jews that survived were the ones who fled to Egypt or the mountains.

629

Frankish King Dagobert I, encouraged by Byzantine Emperor Heraclius, expels all Jews from the kingdom.

632

The first case of officially sanctioned forced baptism. Emperor Heraclius violates the Codex Theodosianus, which protected them from forced conversions.

634–641

Jews living in the Levant are forced to pay the Jizya as a result of the Arab-Islamic Conquest of the Levant

640

Jews are expelled by Caliph Umar from Arabia.

642

The Jizya is imposed on the native Jews of Egypt, Cyrenaica, Tripolitania and Fezzan.

653

The Jews of Toledo are forced to convert or be expelled.

681

The Twelfth Council of Toledo enacts antisemitic laws including the burning of the Talmud and Jewish books.

682

Visigothic king Erwig begins his reign by enacting 28 anti-Jewish laws. He presses for the "utter extirpation of the pest of the Jews" and decrees that all converts must be registered by a parish priest, who must issue travel permits. All holidays, Christian and Jewish, must be spent in the presence of a priest to ensure piety and to prevent the backsliding.

692

Quinisext Council in Constantinople forbids Christians on pain of excommunication to bathe in public baths with Jews, employ a Jewish doctor or socialize with Jews.

694

17th Council of Toledo. King Ergica believes rumors that the Jews had conspired to ally themselves with the Islamic invaders and forces Jews to give all land, slaves and buildings bought from Christians, to his treasury. He declares that all Jewish children over the age of seven should be taken from their homes and raised as Christians.

Eighth century

[edit]

717

Possible date for the Pact of Umar, a document that specified severe restrictions on Jews and Christians (dhimmi) living under Islamic rule. However, academic historians believe that this document was actually compiled at a much later date.

720

Caliph Omar II bans Jewish worship on the Temple Mount.  This is in Jerusalem!

722

Byzantine emperor Leo III forcibly converts all Jews and Montanists in the empire into mainstream Byzantine Christianity.

740

First Archbishop of York Ecgbert bans Christians from eating with Jews.

787

Empress Irena decries the practice of forced conversion against Jews.

788

Idriss I attacks Jewish communities, imposes high per capita taxes, and forces them to provide annual virgins for his harem for refusing to attack other Jewish communities. According to Maghrebi tradition, the Jewish tribe Ubaid Allah left and settled in Djerba.

Ninth century

[edit]

807

Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid orders all Jews in the Caliphate to wear a yellow belt, with Christians to wear a blue one.

820

Agobard, Archbishop of Lyons, declares in his essays that Jews are accursed and demands a complete segregation of Christians and Jews. In 826 he issues a series of pamphlets to convince Emperor Louis the Pious to attack "Jewish insolence", (another Haman?)  but fails to convince the Emperor.

850

Caliph Al-Mutawakkil decrees that Dhimmi — Jews and Christians — wear the zunnar, honey-coloured outer garments and badge-like patches on their servants' clothing to distinguish them from Muslims Further, their places of worship are to be destroyed with demonic effigies nailed to the door and they are to be allowed little involvement in government or official matters.

870

Ahmad ibn Tulun flattens Jewish cemeteries and replaces them with Muslim tombs.

874

Basil I decrees that all Byzantine Jews are to be baptized, by force if necessary^]

878–879

Around 120,000–200,000 foreign merchants (including Jews, Muslim Arabs, Muslim Persians, Zoroastrian Persians, and Christians) are slaughtered in Guangzhou, China.

884

Basil I reinforces law that prohibits Jews from holding any civil or military position in Epanagoge.

888

Church council in Metz forbids Christians and Jews from eating together

888

The Aghlabids issue decrees according to which Jews and Christians are to wear a patch (ruq'a) of white fabric on their shoulder of their outer garment, with the patch for Jews depicting an ape and that for the Christians depicting a pig.

Tenth century

[edit]

925

Jews of Oria are raided by a Muslim mob during a series of attacks on Italy. At least ten rabbinical leaders and many more are taken as captives. Among those captured is 12-year-old Shabbethai Donnolo , who would go on later to be a famous physician and astronomer.

931

Bishop Ratherius of Verona begs the town elders to expel the Jews from the city until they agree to temporarily expel them.

931–942

Romanos I Lekapenos decreed that all Jews should be forced to convert and subjugated if they refuse. This leads to the death of hundreds of Jews and the destruction of numerous synagogues.

932

The Jewish quarter of Bari, Italy is destroyed by a mob and a number of Jews are killed.

943–944

Byzantine Jews from all over the Empire flee from persecution into Khazaria. The King of Khazaria at the time, who was Jewish, subsequently cut ties with the Byzantine Empire.

945

Venice bans Jews from using Venetian vessels.

985

Entire Jewish population of Sparta is expelled after Nikon the Metanoeite says it will rid the city of a plague.

985

A number of Jewish residents in Barcelona are killed by the Muslim leader Almanzor. All Jewish owned land is handed over to the Count of Barcelona.

There's more;  this was just the first 1,000 years since 70 CE.  

Resource:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_antisemitism

n.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safiyya_bint_Huyayy