Nadene Goldfoot
Fleeing to the City of Refuge (Numbers 35:11–28). From Charles Foster, The Story of the Bible, 1884.Portland, Oregon is supposed to be like ancient Israel's cities of Refuge. The cities of refuge (Hebrew: ערי המקלט ‘ārê ha-miqlāṭ) were six Levitical towns in the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah in which the perpetrators of accidental manslaughter could claim the right of asylum. Maimonides, invoking talmudic literature, expands the city of refuge count to all 48 Levitical cities.
Outside of these cities, blood vengeance against such perpetrators was allowed by law. The Bible names the six cities of refuge as follows: Golan, Ramoth, and Bosor to the east (left bank) of the Jordan River; and Kedesh, Shechem, and Hebron on the western (right) side.
Oregon has Sanctuary Laws.
Oregon Is a Sanctuary State
As a sanctuary state since 1987, Oregon stands for the safety, dignity and human rights of all Oregonians. Oregon was the first state in the nation to pass a statewide law stopping state and local police and government from helping federal authorities with immigration enforcement. In the ensuing decades, the law was updated several times.
To strengthen existing sanctuary laws, the Sanctuary Promise Act (HB 3265 ») was passed in 2021. The Act increases safety and protection measures for immigrant communities through increased support, as well as transparency and accountability regarding government interactions with federal immigration authorities.
It is against Oregon law for state and local law enforcement or public agencies (state and local government offices) in the state of Oregon to participate directly or indirectly in immigration enforcement without a judicial warrant.
Federal immigration authorities are prohibited from operating private detention centers or accessing non-public spaces in jails. State and local police are prohibited from acting on non-judicial warrants (see our Glossary). The Sanctuary Promise Act requires all requests made by federal agencies to state and local law enforcement and government agencies regarding immigration enforcement without a judicial order to be documented, reported, and denied. There may be exceptions to each of these.
Oregon Sanctuary Laws say:
- You do not have to share and you should not be asked about your country of birth, immigration, or citizenship status by state or local law enforcement or government agencies. There are exceptions.
- You may not be investigated or interrogated by state or local law enforcement for immigration enforcement purposes.
- Your country of birth, immigration or citizenship status information should not be stored or shared by state or local government agencies or law enforcement. There are exceptions.
- Your information should not be shared by state or local law enforcement to assist in detaining you or any individual for immigration purposes.
- All requests from federal agencies to state or local government agencies or law enforcement about immigration enforcement without a judicial order should be documented, reported and denied by the local agency receiving the request.
- You cannot be arrested from a court facility, or while you are traveling to or from court, with any immigration warrant except a judicial warrant or order signed by a judge (for more information about different types of warrants, see our Glossary).
- State or local law enforcement or public agencies must refuse and reject collaboration with federal authorities for immigration enforcement purposes, including setting up traffic stops or traffic perimeters to enforce federal immigration laws/orders.
- You can access certain government services without being asked about your immigration status.
- You can take legal action against violators of Oregon’s sanctuary laws.
- If Oregon’s sanctuary laws are being violated by a state or local police officer, state trooper, sheriff’s deputy, either during their employment time or off duty time, or by a government worker, you can report the violation to the Sanctuary Promise Hotline.
The USA goofed up with President Coolidge signing the Johnson-Reed Act in 1917. It was the year of Literacy Tests and “Asiatic Barred Zone.” In 1917, the U.S. Congress enacted the first widely restrictive immigration law. The uncertainty generated over national security during World War I made it possible for Congress to pass this legislation, and it included several important provisions that paved the way for the 1924 Act that was even worse.
The 1917 Act implemented a literacy test that required immigrants over 16 years old to demonstrate basic reading comprehension in any language. It also increased the tax paid by new immigrants upon arrival and allowed immigration officials to exercise more discretion in making decisions over whom to exclude. Finally, the Act excluded from entry anyone born in a geographically defined “Asiatic Barred Zone” except for Japanese and Filipinos. In 1907, the Japanese Government had voluntarily limited Japanese immigration to the United States in the Gentlemen’s Agreement. The Philippines was a U.S. colony, so its citizens were U.S. nationals and could travel freely to the United States. China was not included in the Barred Zone, but the Chinese were already denied immigration visas under the Chinese Exclusion Act.
The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. This limited Jews allowed to enter. The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. It completely excluded immigrants from Asia.
As for being a country of immigrants, we don't have a very good track record of caring for immigrants, do we!!!
Resource:
https://www.doj.state.or.us/oregon-department-of-justice/civil-rights/sanctuary-promise/
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/immigration-act
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