Nadene Goldfoot
It all started with Abram/Abraham and Sarai/Sarah in the Hebrew year of
2080, which was about 1671 BCE. They left the city of their fathers, Ur OF THE CHALDEES, which told them that they were immigrants in that city of Ur and had come from the Chaldeans. They did not want others to think they were natives of Ur.
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Chaldea and people from there, the Chaldeans (Kasdim in Hebrew) were a Semitic tribe which migrated to Southern Babylonia and adopted the ancient Babylonian culture. Chaldea was a small country in southern Babylonia, which is now southern Iraq. It was located between the Persian Gulf, the Arabian desert, and the Euphrates delta. Chaldea existed from the late 10th or early 9th century BCE to the mid-6th century BCE. The country and its people were absorbed into the indigenous population of Babylonia. The Chaldean Empire collapsed after the death of King Nebuchadnezzar II.
Our history of slavery in Egypt began in the Hebrew calendar of 2332 or 1428 BCE after one pharaoh okayed our living in Egypt through Jacob's family who had sheep and promised to also watch over the pharaoh'scattle as well. The next pharaoh felt there were too many of these Israelites or Ivrim, and placed them in bondage. The time from living in Egypt and being freed by Moses was 400 years.
Moses freed his newly found people as he had been raised by a princess,the daughter of the present pharaoh who found him in a river basket during a time of slaughtering male Ivrim babies by the pharaoh. He took them ona 40 year exodus back to their homeland we call the Exodus, and on theway, wrote 5 books now called the Torah given to him at Mt. Sinai in theHebrew year of 2448 or 1312 BCE.
The Ivrim, now called the Jewish people, entered the land to becomeIsrael in the Hebrew year of 2488 or 1272 BCE. Saul was chosen as the first king of Israel in about 1030 to 1010 BCE, followed by David and thenhis son, Solomon from 961 BCE to 920 BCE.
Solomon built the Temple, the first Temple, in the Hebrew year of 2935 or825 BCE. It was later destroyed by the Babylonians and the Ivrim weretaken as slaves in the Hebrew year of 3338 or 422 BCE. Actually, we havethe dates of 597 BCE and again 586 BCE as dates that Nebuhadnezzar'sBabylonians had attacked the 10 tribes. Dates figuring from Jewishhistorians go along with these dates.
Before that in 721 BCE, the 10 northern tribes of Israel were stolen away by the Assyrians leaving Judea and its surrounding lands of Samaria.
Now, getting to our main history of Purim events: we come to the Hebrew year of 3405 or 355 BCE. This is when 10,000 scholarsand leaders were exiled to Babylonia from the Hebrew year of 3327 / 434 BCE when they destroyed the 1st Temple the nextyear and exiled the Jews by the Hebrew year of 3338 or 422 BCE of the Jewish period of history when Babylonian Exile started. This was done by Nebuhadnezzar and the Babylonians.
Persian Empire Era
The Persians conquered the Chaldeans, ending their ethnic identity. They gradually gained supremacy over the native inhabitants and gave their name to the entire area. In other words, Media and Persia joined forces to conquer Babylonia in the Hebrew date of 3388 or 372 BCE. (Attempts were made, initially under Merodach-Baladan, to overthrow Assyria, and they finally succeeded in the 7th century BCE under Nabopolassar and his son, Nebuchadnezzar, who established an empire extending from Assyria to the Egyptian border by the Hebrew date of 3338 or 372 BCE).
Cyrus became king of the Persian Empire in Hebrew time of 3390 or 371 BCE. He was also believed to be the son or grandson of Queen Esther and King Ahasueros. It was Darius I (522-486 BCE) who inherited the throne of Cyrus. It was he who permitted Zerubbabel and the Jews who had returned to Jerusalem to resume reconstruction of the Temple. Darius III led his Persian warriors.
The Persian Empire (Today's Iran) In modern Iran, the Persians make up the majority of the population. They are native speakers of the modern dialects of Persian, which serves as the country's official language. .jpg)
Esther became queen of Persia in 3404 or 356 BCE. She was the niece of Mordecai. Mordecai became the new prime minister in 3405 or 355 BCE after he exposes Hamans' plot to kill all the Jews of the Persian Empire. Their empire lasted from 3390 on Hebrew calendar or 371 BCE when Achashverosh (Ahasueros) took his throne in 3401 or 360 BCE. Haman became Prime Minister of Persia. Slavery wasn't enough for Haman; he wanted all Jews dead. Up till now, slaves worked for people, making their lives easier.
This was conquered by the Persians in 539 The fame of the Chaldeans as astrologers made the terms synonymous long after their empire had vanished. Aramaic has been called Chaldaic or Chaldee, but this is a misnomer.
We continue to remember this history with our holiday of Purim. We're not the only people who remember such history. Saddam Hussein declared himself to be the NEW NEBUCHADNEZZAR and attacked Israel, but was defeated in the Gulf War which ended on Purim 5751 or 1991 CE. The Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 until his overthrow in 2003.
Iraq used to be called Mesopotamia but was conquered by the Arabs in 637 CE. It's Jewish population had been on their side wanting deliverance from Sassanid persecution. Jews had been expelled from Arabia and settled in Kufa. Iraq gained their independence in 1932 when they were persecuting the Jews in a pogrom in 1941. Most Jews finally left during Israel's saving grace of Operation Ezra and Nehemiah. 123,500 reached Israel since 1948.
Resource:
Edited on 2 dates at 7:23pm on 1/20/2025
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
Around the year with the National Jewish Outreach Program by Shimon Apisdorf/intro by Rabbi Ephraim Z.. Buchwald
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