Showing posts with label immigrants. Show all posts
Showing posts with label immigrants. Show all posts

Saturday, May 20, 2023

When To Pull The Plug On Immigration Into Your Country

 Nadene Goldfoot                                    


We human have been migrating for various reason ever since we became human!  I suppose the grass always looked better to us on the other side of that hill or mountain or stream or river or ocean. We were made to migrate.  

Now that we are living in the future, a time we just dreamt about and find it is our generation that live in what we wrote about-that future, we find that the situation has changed.  Migrations of people are more like invasions of our privacy, our heaven.  

Back in the Bible Days, the Assyrians practiced attacking and then relocating those attacked to other places.  They did this to the 10 tribes of Jacob living in the northern section of Israel.  That, at least, was better than taking lives.  They found then that people were useful, slaves, and put them to work.  Abraham joined a group with his family of moving from the Tigris River in Mesopotamia to Egypt.  Jacob and his family of 70 moved from Canaan during a drought and also went to Egypt where the Nile River fed all. We became a moving people all over the planet.  This is shown in our DNA tests by population geneticists.  We are born in one place and die in another; becoming farmers after being hunters and gatherers, then  city folk.  

Today, there are other reasons for migrations to occur.  Usually its in the plans of the nations' leadership.  People of one skill are desired in a nation without that skill and people are asked to move there.  Or, it's in the plans to take over a nation by overloading it with people from a certain country-taking the place of a war and winning it. 

                              1836 and the Alamo in Texas 

Mexico at one time mentioned something like that-getting back Texas by overloading it with their Mexican population.  That has turned out to be true except not for that reason.  Their population has fled due to their mismanagement of people;  drug overlords taking over parts of Mexico; a high criminal element frightening the people out of Mexico.                           

              Molenbeek, an immigrant community

Belgium took in Muslims and they took over a city, Molenbeek.  It isn't like a China town, inviting to tourists.  It's not safe.    The Belgium police are afraid to enter.  Belgium has produced more jihadi fighters, per capita, than any other western European nation and is estimated to have dispatched around 520 recruits to the Islamic State cause in Syria. Even the idea of visiting the land that is home to the EU parliament is enough to inspire trepidation in some foreigners.  As Charles Michel, the Belgian prime minister, put it, "Almost every time there is a terrorist attack, there is a link with Molenbeek."Taki in the Spectator has described the district as a "no-go area" which police are too frightened to enter. 

The USA is running out of resources like water.  We pay money to have water and now private companies are trying to take that over and they will ask for higher prices.  Nothing is free, really, in the USA like education was in Syria.  I say this because I don't know what the situation in Syria is now.  California and Portland, Oregon are highly taxed so that all can have great benefits, but the taxes have come to the point where people are gasping;  they reach a point of being too high, even for them.  Gresham, Oregon just said no to more taxes for the police.  They'll have to get along on the high ones they already have.  


Conditions are bad at the border between Mexico and the USA, even with Biden as President.  We're about to face real problems and not receive our Social Security Benefits next month because of it.  We owe too much money and haven't made the dent in this debt. 

Israel, a country of migrants,  has also been faced with a migration problem.  Israel was created for Jews who have been homeless for over 2,000 years, having to migrate here and there and exist through the good will of that country that usually turned against them for being who they were.  They were 2nd class citizens at best in the Middle East lands.  In Europe they were invaded and attacked or killed in pogroms.  So Israel is the new reservoir, safety place for Jews, the only Jewish country in the world.  When others come in a migration, what do they do?  The Jewish motto is to Not do to others that which they don't want to happen to them.  In other words, the Golden Rule.  That's what Judaism is all about.  Can migration survive here ?  

As for the Jewish plight, Jews have been forced to migrate from country to country throughout too many ages.  Finally, Theodor Herzl, Jewish,  wrote a novel about their condition and what to do about it called Altneuland, which presents his Zionist ideas as embodied in a utopian Jewish state in Palestine. He was not orthodox;  reformed as much as possible who at one time recommended assimilation, and living in Uganda.   He was a Jew who was a Viennese reporter and knew what was happening to other Jews, and thinking of what to do about it.  Jews were being referred to as "The Wandering Jew."  

    2010 :Al Jezeera picture: Surprise invasion from Africa to Israel.  

 Since the detention facility was set up, Israeli immigration police have housed more than 2,500 African asylum seekers under the country’s so-called “Infiltrators Law”, which allows Israel to detain, without charge or trial, migrants who have entered the country without legal documentation.

The mainly Eritrean and Sudanese migrants left the Holot camp facility on June 27 because Israel had not processed their claims for asylum as yet.  Since the camp was set up, Israeli immigration police had placed more than 2,500 asylum seekers under what authorities call the "Infiltrators Law". That's how they entered Israel, The Africans and al Jazeera refer to the detention camp as a prison.  This is the best a small country, taken by surprise, can do for these new-country seekers who sneak in without right or reason or documentation..  Well, they may have had reason, but not having to do with Israel except maybe seeing it as an easy mark.  

The Holot Detention Center in Israel holding the Africans After their "grand surprise entrance into the country, really an invasion::  Africans called on UN and Red Cross to intervene.  Israel had arrested about 1,000 of them. 

Africans migrated and entered Israel in 2010 that became quite problematic. When they entered, the migrants ran amok, grabbing and stealing anything they saw.   They themselves chose Israel but had no reason, no connection to Israel or Jews.  

Besides that, Israel is one of the smallest teeniest countries in the world.  The South Sudanese, whose country was established in 2011 after they fled civil war in Sudan five or six years ago, will be the first to be repatriated, under an agreement between South Sudan and Israel. They number only some 1,500.

“The next stage is the removal from Israel of all the infiltrators from Eritrea and Sudan, whose number comes close to 50,000 people,” said Interior Minister Eli Yishai. Sudan happens to be the 8th most populated Muslim majority country in the world, already having 70% Muslim population. 50% of Eritreans  are Muslims and 50% Christians at this time. They were neighbors of Ethiopia, and Israel has already taken in many Ethiopians that were Jewish;  people having been attacked by Eritreans. Did they need the Ethiopians' enemies to enter Israel?  It's established to be a Jewish haven, one of a kind.  48 other Muslim majority countries welcoming Muslims were awaiting them.   “At the moment, we are permitted only to deport from Israel the citizens of South Sudan and the Ivory Coast,” the minister was quoted as saying.  “I hear those who say these infiltrators cannot be sent back, but this is an important mission ...‮‮‮‮‮‮‮‮ ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‎saying “No” is tantamount to shelving the declaration of independence, the end of the Zionist dream,” said Yishai, who heads a religious party.     As it was, charity food lines were set up in Tel Aviv in 2012 to feed them.


Israel has begun work on a long security fence along its border with Jordan, the only one of its internationally recognized frontiers currently without a physical barrier.  Newspaper reports said Netanyah had asked officials to examine whether a fence should now also be built along the boarder ith southern Jordan, in the event that migrants try to cross the narrow Gulf of Aqaba and enter Israel from the Arab kingdom.   Israel, a country of 7.8 million at that time, had almost completed a high fence along the border to deter more would-be migrants      who are brought to the frontier by Bedouin people-smugglers. Newspaper reports said Netanyahu had asked officials to examine whether a fence should now also be built along the border with southern Jordan, in the event that migrants try to cross the narrow Gulf of Aqaba and enter Israel from the Arab kingdom.  The African were job-seekers in hotels, etc.                                 

A Sudanese migrant rides his bicycle on October 25, 2020, in the southern part of Tel Aviv where thousands of them are living. (Photo by MENAHEM KAHANA / AFP)  As you can see, the plight ended up with many remaining in Israel.  

The Eritrean–Ethiopian War from 1998 to 2000 involved a major border conflict, eventually resolved in 2018. In 2020, Eritrean troops intervened in Tigray War on the side of Ethiopian central government. In April 2021, Eritrea confirmed its troops were fighting in Ethiopia.   Eritrea borders  Ethiopia in the southSudan in the west, and Djibouti in the southeast.  

Tell this to the world, though.  Reporters have no idea.  All they see is Israel returning Africans and not allowing them to stay because they were Africans. Their appearance was more of an invasion than a group appealing for help.   "How terrible", they write, "that Israel returns them".  

African immigration to Israel is the international movement to Israel from Africa of people that are not natives or do not possess Israeli citizenship in order to settle or reside there. This phenomenon began in the second half of the 2000s, when a large number of people from Africa entered Israel, mainly through the then-lightly fenced border between Israel and Egypt in the Sinai Peninsula. According to the data of the Israeli Interior Ministry, 26,635 people arrived illegally in this way by July 2010, and over 55,000 by January 2012. In an attempt to curb the influx, Israel constructed the Egypt–Israel barrier. Since its completion in December 2013, the barrier has almost completely stopped the immigration of Africans into Israel across the Sinai border. 

As of January 2018, according to the Population and Immigration Authority (PIBA) there were 37,288 African migrants in Israel, not including children born to migrants in Israel. Most African migrants are regarded to be legitimate asylum seekers by human rights organizations, but the Israeli government says most of them are job seeking work-migrants. There was even a group of Blacks from the USA. 



This was a different situation from the Ethiopian Jews and those few from Kenya who found they carried the Cohen gene and were Jewish.

I know of one person who is a lawyer, who traveled every  year to do his stint

 (milueem  in the IDF, and has finally moved his family and himself to Israel.   

The Palestinians want to enter Israel with their huge population that would flood the Jewish population.  Right now it's been staying at 80% Jewish and 20% Arab population.  There are 48 other Muslim majority countries that they could enter, but they are being conjoled to enter Israel.  This is the plan of a Palestinian State next door to Israel.  They want to bring in the total population into Israel; thus taking Israel.  

Israel was established by Jews  for Jews in 1947. By that time, in the 1930s Israel was still Palestine and being considered to become the Jewish Homeland.  There was a 1,467, 000 Arab population there while Jews only numbered 475,000 native Palestinians.  By 1948, there were 750,000 Jews;  the number that entered Canaan with Joshua was 601,730.  This lopsided number did present a problem, and at the time, Jews were fearful for their very lives in the world as they were living the worst of lives;  2nd class citizens under heavy duress, anti-Semitism everywhere because they wouldn't comply to the dominant religion.  Judaism itself told them where they were meant to live--and that was in Palestine (Judea and Samaria), their ancient land.                      

The Arabs, (for all were called Palestinians who lived there), were under no stress for their lives.  They just lived there, Bedouins that moved about.  Joan Peters (book-From Time Immemorial)  has made a study of their origin and found that many had recently moved there when Jews started returning and building.  They were indeed job seekers.  For example, Jews came in large groups by 1881 from eastern Europe; mostly fleeing.  Tel Aviv was founded by 1909 by Jews as a garden suburb of Jaffa. 

Yes, our migration started with the first Aliyah of 1881, over 100 years ago.  There were about 5 Aliyote at different years.   

Because Israel has the Right of Return for Jews, the Palestinian Arabs expect it also.  "The Palestinian right of return is the political position or principle that Palestinian refugees, both first-generation refugees (c. 30,000 to 50,000 people still alive as of 2012) and their descendants (c. 5 million people as of 2012), have a right to return, and a right to the property they themselves or their forebears left behind or were forced to leave in what is now Israel and the Palestinian territories (both formerly part of the British Mandate of Palestine), as part of the 1948 Palestinian exodus, a result of the 1948 Palestine war, and due to the 1967 Six-Day War. The fact is that they had their chance in 1947 and turned it down.  They turned the offer down because it didn't include every inch of Israel and held out for taking all of it.  

Today, Israel's population amounts to 9,044,541.  

With nearly 6.8 million Jews, Israel is the only Jewish-majority country and the only explicitly Jewish state.

The Arab population is about 1,957,270.  

I see the ratio between Jews and Muslims in Israel as 7: 2. not 80% to 20%.

  • The total land area is 21,640 Km2 (8,355 sq. miles), said to be about a large as  Texan rancher's driveway. Israel's area is approximately 20,770 km2 (8,019 sq mi), which includes 445 km2 (172 sq mi) of inland water. Israel stretches 424 km (263 mi) from north to south, and its width ranges from 114 km (71 mi) at its widest point to 10 km (6.2 mi) at its narrowest point.  Notice that while the population has grown, the size of the land has not.  That's why every almost must live in high rise apartment buildings, and another reason why people want to move out into Judea and Samaria where they may build homes.
  •  It has an Exclusive Economic Zone of 26,352 km2 (10,175 sq mi).
  •  At the end of 2020, the population of Israel stood at approximately 9,289,760, including 1,957,270 Arabs, representing 21.1% of the total. This figure includes almost 362,000 Arab residents of East Jerusalem who hold “permanent resident” status, but not full citizenship. Thus, the number of Arab citizens of Israel was 1,595,300 at the end of 2020, constituting some 17.2% of the total population.  To continue being a Jewish State, a refuge for Jews, this 80:20 % has been the acceptable percent of Jews and Arabs. As it is, Jews themselves run the gamut from Left to Right beliefs anyway.  Any further beliefs and Israel can not continue being a really Jewish State and maintain Judaism. It faces the fate of becoming Hellenized as it is.  Israel cannot take in anymore Muslims and remain Jewish. But is it really 80:20? 
                      Going away party at my mom's home
  • In 1980, my husband and I made aliyah to Israel from USA.  20,428 immigrants came that year.  175,000 immigrants entered in 1991.  Things were getting worse in the world for Jews.  Some 70,000 new immigrants from 95 countries made aliyah in 2022 with the assistance of the Jewish Agency and the Aliyah and Integration Ministry, the agency said in a special report published on Thursday.  
  • For that matter, the Muslims have ordained already that their land of Palestine, the new Palestine, will be devoid of Jews.  They won't be allowed in at all.  So that takes care of that. Proof of their intentions and belief system.   

Jews had a life there over 3,000 years ago that lasted until 70 CE when the Romans burned down Jerusalem and their Temple.  Jerusalem was their capital.   The Palestinians do not have this claim;  only that their Mohammad landed on his flying horse on a Temple on the Temple Mount on a trip and then they flew back to Arabia.  The Jews' claim is the whole "Old Testament."  Jerusalem is not mentioned at all in the Koran.  It's in the bible 700 times.  The League of Nations recognized this and so did the United Nations.  They gave the nod to the creation of Israel as the Jewish Homeland.  

Resource:

https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/molenbeek-belgium-no-go-zone

Tanakh, the Stone Edition

The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia

From Time Immemorial by Joan Peters

Fact About Israel from Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Jerusalem

https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-israel-africans/out-of-israel-back-to-africa-idUKBRE85B0J420120612

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_population_by_country#:~:text=With%20nearly%206.8%20million%20Jews,the%20only%20explicitly%20Jewish%20state.

The Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain, p. 186, 203

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Israel



Sunday, October 9, 2022

When Our Jewish Ancestors Flooded New York City

 Nadene Goldfoot                                       


Jewish Peddler in New York City            

My paternal grandparents from Lithuania did not enter New York City.  They were deterred and aimed for the West Coast and into the mountains of Idaho. Bubba wound up in a little mining town a few miles from Council, Idaho, where her brothers and sisters were settled.  That didn't last long, for when she met her love, Nathan Goldfus, they married in Boise,  then hopped on a train for Portland, Oregon, where Nathan was a peddler with a wagon and a horse.   It happened at the turn of the century before or after 1900 as my father was born in 1908 in Portland.   Nathan died in 1912 when the horse was spooked and Nathan was thrown out, landing on his head.  He was not a horseman.   New York City had stopped the Jewish immigrants from entering by sending them to other places in the USA.                               

Brooklyn, New York City, New York;  Where is the tree that grew here?  My family in Portland now enjoys forests and parks,, lots of them.  

The Hasidic section of Williamsburg, Brooklyn — roughly 


bounded by Division Avenue, Broadway, Heyward Street and 


the Brooklyn Navy Yard — is an anachronistic pleasure. 


Unlike in the hipster section north of Grand Avenue, the 


images here — knife-grinders on the street, bearded men in 


19th-century frock coats — are not only vivid, they are also 


apparently lost to time. The neighborhood, which is served by 


the Marcy Avenue stop on the J, M and Z trains, is home to 


thousands of Hasidic Jews. Be forewarned: some of the 


residents do not take kindly to intrusion and may greet 


 strangers with a brusque look.

  

                                           (New York Times, July 5, 2009)


Throughout the 19th century, more than 80% of the world's 


Jews lived in Europe.  The proportion was as high as 88.3% 


in 1880, just before the 1st wave of immigration to the New 


World.  Today, more than 50% of the world's Jews live in 


North and South America, and less than 30% live in Europe 


(including those in the Soviet Union.  Jews in Africa, mainly 


Morocco and Algeria and South Africa accounted for only 


4.4% of the world's Jews in 1840.  


Since then their proportion has dwindled to about 1.4%, as 


most have migrated to Israel.

The World Jewish Population in 1840 was 4.5 million.  By 1880 it was 7.7 million.  By 1900 it was 10.7 million.  By 1925 when my grandparents were in Portland with my father, born in 1908, it was 14.9 million.  When Hitler caused havoc in Europe by 1939, it was 16.7 million.  After the Holocaust by 1946, it was 10.8 million.  By 1975 it was 14.2 million, not even as many as in 1925.  

By today-2022, we have reached 15.3 million with over 7 million living in Israel. The global population is projected to reach 8 billion on 15 November 2022.   That makes the Jewish world population only 1.22% of the world population.  We've come up being less that 1% before.  

  India is projected to surpass China as the world's most populous country in 2023, according to World Population Prospects 2022, released today on World Population Day.                                  

The New York Jewish settlement began in 1654 with the arrival of 23 Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews from Recife, Brazil (a Dutch possession) who were defending the city from Portuguese attack. The director general of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, did not welcome the Jews. They protested to their coreligionists in the Dutch West India company and privileges were granted them. However, they were not allowed to build a synagogue.

Ten years later, the surrender of New Amsterdam to the British in 1664 brought a number of changes to the Jewish settlement. Generally, civil and religious rights were widened, Jews were permitted to hold and be elected to public office, and restrictions on the building of a synagogue were lifted.

Jews have immigrated to New York City since the first settlement in Dutch New Amsterdam in 1654, most notably at the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century, when the Jewish population rose from about 80,000 in 1880 to 1.5 million in 1920.   

Jews were facing discrimination by the 1870s.                     

          Jewish storekeeper in 1929 in New York City  The 1929 Depression paved the way for renewed anti-Semitism with the rise of Hitler.  In the 1930s, US Nazi sympathizers began publishing newspapers and formed anti-Semitic organizations under direction from Berlin.
         Medical School comes after a college graduation

Jews were restricted in numbers for entrance into medical schools from 1920 to 1955. They had quotas on Jewish entrance.   So many were able to pass the tests for entrance that many had to be turned away just to allow others to gain entrance.   Finally, At the end of World War II anti-Semitism was pervasive in the United States. Quotas to limit the number of Jewish students were put in place at most U.S. medical schools in the 1920s and were well-entrenched by 1945. By 1970 the quota was gone. Why? Multiple factors contributed to the end of the quota. First, attitudes toward Jews shifted as Americans recoiled from the horrors of the Holocaust and over half a million Jewish GIs returned home from World War II. Many entered the higher education system. Second, governmental and private investigations in New York City, New York State and Philadelphia exposed the quota. Third, New York State, led by Governor Thomas E. Dewey, established 4 publicly supported nondiscriminatory medical schools. These schools adsorbed many New York Jewish applicants. Fourth, from the 1920s through the 1960s some medical schools consistently or intermittently ignored the quota. Finally, the federal and several state governments passed nondiscrimination in higher education legislation. The quotas ended because of a combination of changing societal attitudes and government and private social action. This remarkable social change may be instructive as higher education now grapples with allegations of a quota system for Asian-Americans.                      
            
Abraham Goldfaden (left, Source) and Boris Thomashefsky (Source)  While Goldfaden’s intellectual and historical nature appealed to many, the majority of Jewish immigrants on the Lower East Side and the German District (as the Second Avenue area was known at the time) were not as much high-brow educated elites as working-class immigrants struggling to make a life in the new world.
                                     
Yiddish Theater was created. Yiddish Theater in America is widely believed to have officially begun in 1882 and lasted through the middle of the 20th century. Yiddish theater, with its offshoots into radio, TV and film, was the most popular American Jewish cultural staple for half a century, telling the stories of the old world and mirroring the realities of the present world in which so many émigrés found themselves. 
Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich, better known under his pen name Sholem Aleichem (Yiddish and Hebrewשלום עליכם, also spelled שאָלעם־אלייכעם in Soviet Yiddish,. February 18] 1859 – May 13, 1916), was a Yiddish author and playwright. The 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof, based on his stories about Tevye the Dairyman, was the first commercially successful English-language stage production about Jewish life in Eastern Europe.
                                                
The San Francisco State Univ (SFSU) theater arts professor  in October 2004,  unveiled a new production of Sholem Aleichem’s 1887 one-act play “She Must Marry a Doctor.” It is, he says, a strikingly modern comedy about family values, women’s liberation and Yiddishkeit. 
 I had taken the script with me when I made aliyah in 1980 and my husband (Brooklyn-born, raised in Florida and acted in Little Theater) and we produced this play with me playing the mother.  We performed in Safed, where we lived.  The city gave us the theater to use.  From then on, I wrote my own scripts and we kept on producing as a sideline to our teaching.  We had started our own "Yiddish Theater in English" in Safed.  You can't beat Sholem Aleichem!  

New York City is the largest urban Jewish community in history; metropolitan area population 11,448,480 (1970), metropolitan area Jewish population 2,381,000 (1968), of which 1,836,000 live in the city itself.  Brooklyn was a favorite neighborhood of many of the Jews.  As of 2016, about 1.1 million residents of New York City, or about 12% of its residents, were Jewish.     

Jews are only 2% of the whole USA, so most lived in New York city.  Corrine Eskow nee Cohen remembers not being able to get a 

job with the telephone company because she was Jewish.  She

lived in Brooklyn on Avenue M.  After she married, she did get a job

 at a department store as a saleslady. 

Many Arab-Jewish immigrants have settled in New York City and formed a Sephardi community. The community is centered in Brooklyn and is primarily composed of Syrian Jews. Other Arab Jews in New York City hail from Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, and Morocco. Arab Jews first began arriving in New York City in large numbers between 1880 and 1924. Immigration was cut off for Jews then.  

In 1921 and 1924, the US Congress passed immigration laws that severely limited the number and “national origin” of new immigrants. These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany.  

1921: Emergency Quota Act and Failed Refugee Provision

After World War I, America became an isolationist nation. In December 1920, in the context of this isolationism, the international influenza pandemic, and a postwar economic recession, the US House of Representatives voted to end all immigration to the United States for one year. The vote was bipartisan and was not close (293-41). The Senate did not believe the emergency warranted this dramatic step but was willing to significantly restrict the number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States.  

In 1921 and 1924, the United States passed laws to sharply reduce the influx of immigrants into the country. By allocating only small quotas to the nations of southern and eastern Europe, and banning almost all immigration from Asia, the new laws were supposed to stem the tide of foreigners considered especially inferior and dangerous. However, immigrants continued to come, sailing into the port of New York with fake passports, or from Cuba to Florida, hidden in the holds of boats loaded with contraband liquor. Jews, one of the main targets of the quota laws, figured prominently in the new international underworld of illegal immigration. However, they ultimately managed to escape permanent association with the identity of the “illegal alien” in a way that other groups, such as Mexicans, thus far, have not.

During the early years of Jewish immigration, there was very little opportunity for a broad range of employment.

Jewish Peddler, NYC
Jewish Peddler, NYC

The earliest immigrants became peddlers in hopes of being able to work their way up. Jewish immigrants became peddlers in hopes of being able to earn some capital to be able to one day become pushcart operators or perhaps even open up their own business. Peddling was laborious work but it was preferred by many immigrants because it did not require much skill and it was a way to avoid the garment industry.

Most Jews, however, were not able to escape the garment industry and had to settle for a job in clothing

manufacturing. This industry was growing rapidly and Jewish immigrants were a major part of its labor force as “six of every ten Jewish workers were engaged in the production of clothing." This high number of participation of Jews was due to a number of reasons. First, some Jewish immigrants already brought some tailoring experience from their homelands. Another reason was the accessibility to the garment shops as 80 percent of the garment factories were located under 14th street, close to the Lower East Side. The fact that most of the garment employers were mostly Jewish also lead to the hiring of Jewish workers. 

Over time, Jews were able to move up and become owners of their own business. This was shown by that fact that around 1937, “Jews owned two-thirds of the city’s 34,000 factories and 104,000 wholesale and retail enterprises.

Macy's Herald Square (originally named the R. H. Macy and Company Store) is the flagship of Macy's department store, as well as the Macy's, Inc. corporate headquarters, on Herald Square in Manhattan, New York City.  Ownership of the company was passed down through the Macy family until 1895, when the company, now called "R. H. Macy & Co.", was acquired by Isidor Straus and his brother Nathan Straus, who had previously held a license to sell china and other goods in the Macy's store.

Gimbels, Macy’s, Filene’s, I Magnin, Neiman-Marcus, Bloomingdales, Bergdorf Goodman, Rich’s of Atlanta, Kauffman’s of Pittsburgh, Lazarus of Columbus, Levi Strauss and even Sears-Roebuck.

All but the last were created by Jews and all were run by Jews, most of them dating back to a German Jewish immigrant peddler who created a family dynasty. These entrepreneurial families not only dominated fashion and retail, but made huge contributions to the cultural, civic and political life of their communities.

In 2002, an estimated 972,000 Ashkenazi Jews lived in New York City and constituted about 12% of the city's population. New York City is also home to the world headquarters of the ChabadBobover, and Satmar branches of Hasidism, and other Haredi branches of Judaism. While three-quarters of New York Jews do not consider themselves religiously observant, the Orthodox community is rapidly growing due to the high birth rates of Hasidic Jews, while the numbers of Conservative and Reform Jews are declining. I might mention that most all the Jews were law-obeying people who kept to themselves and their work.  

Resource:

Book:  Finding Our Fathers by Dan Rottenberg

https://www.jewishagency.org/jewish-population-rises-to-15-3-million-worldwide-with-over-7-million-residing-in-israel/

https://dbs.anumuseum.org.il/skn/en/c6/e256961/Place/New_York_City?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=jewish%20in%20new%20york&utm_campaign=g&device=c&gclid=CjwKCAjwv4SaBhBPEiwA9YzZvKNu5tzl4P8Gxg5DwCy5s7LEv-l1

https://www.jewishagency.org/jewish-population-rises-to-15-3-million-worldwide-with-over-7-million-residing-in-israel/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jews_in_New_York_City#:~:text=Jews%20have%20immigrated%20to%20New,to%201.5%20million%20in%201920.

https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/A/bo17607449.html

https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/united-states-immigration-and-refugee-law-1921-1980

https://www.milkenarchive.org/articles/view/yiddish-theater-virtual-tour/?gclid=Cj0KCQjw4omaBhDqARIsADXULuXNlcQHIdL8p3eEd7lmiF3la8gOMLFvvPa1poezMES6ZMDWnOJwgOYaAn7BEALw_wcB

https://jhssc.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/The-Jewish-Problem-in-US-Med-Edu-1.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macy%27s_Herald_Square