History Of Line Of Jewish People

 Nadene Goldfoot                                                    

The story in the bible of Jacob and his 12 sons that became the 12 tribes of Israel happens to come out of history itself, names and all.  This one story is surely the base of truth of what the bible relates.  From there, the rabbis could go back in time tracing Jacob's family as well as go forward. Judah is the tribe we get "Jewish" from. People have also heard of Judea and Samaria... This tale showing our early development is my favorite, and was just the right explanation Moses was able to give 4,000 years ago to people without today's knowledge we have stored in our brains.  This they could understand, and we can, too.  "In Jewish tradition, the Patriarch Jacob is a foundational figure whose journey from a shrewd, calculating youth to a mature, spiritual leader (Israel) represents the core ethical evolution of the Jewish people."

                                 Chief Rabbi in Ireland, Hertzog

 Jews use the 5 books of Moses by following it and the rest of scriptures in what is called the "Old Testament."  My personal book is called a Tanach which includes the Torah or 5 books, the prophets, and writings...the 24 books of the Bible translated and annotated.  The annotations are so informative, explaining the setting, often by the Rambam and Rashi, who I have found is one of my distant relatives, rabbis of the Middle Ages.   

There are people who do not believe anything in the bible is of value and is only a fairy tale. Usually they are atheists.  Atheists are individuals who do not believe in the existence of a god or any gods. The term originates from the Greek word atheos, meaning "without God". Rather than being a set of doctrines, it is primarily a single characteristic: the absence of a belief in deities.

DNA is the best way along with the Bible to understand our beginnings.  Middle Eastern Roots: Genome-wide scans show that global Jewish diaspora groups share common ancestral ties to the Middle East, tracing back over 2,000 years. Their ancient DNA frequently shows high affinity with historical populations from the Levant.  Ashkenazi Jewish Profile: For Jews of Central and Eastern European descent, DNA is typically an admixture of roughly \(40\% - 50\%\) Middle Eastern (Levantine) and \(50\% - 60\%\) European ancestry. Paternal lines typically trace back to the Middle East, while maternal lines often show Southern or Eastern European origins.

Autosomal DNA studies show high levels of genetic relatedness among Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jews, corresponding to a shared Middle Eastern ancestry with variations in regional admixture. Autosomal DNA evidence supports the historical narrative of Jewish populations originating from the ancient Levant, with genetic diversity shaped by migrations, admixture, and isolation over millennia  We can take tests with several companies on our autosomal DNA and go back quite far and find 5th cousins easily today.  Those men with J1 and J2 can see their Jewish line,  which is where the Cohens come from.  

                                       Rabbi Judah haNasi

Population Bottlenecks: Ancient DNA studies (like those examining medieval Ashkenazi remains in Erfurt, Germany) show that today's large Ashkenazi population descended from a very small founding group. This bottleneck amplified specific genetic mutations found within the community.  This is why we are distantly related with 20%-30% connection to our many cousins we didn't know we have.  Supposedly there are 4 women who were our base of origin, but not necessarily our own outstanding women of Sarah, Rachel, Rebecca, and Leah.                           

Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson born October 5, 1958) is an outstanding American astrophysicist, author, and science communicator, and thinks well of our 5 books explaining the development of man and our planet. An astrophysicist is a scientist who applies the laws of physics and mathematics to understand how the universe works. They study the birth, life, and death of celestial bodies like stars, planets, and galaxies, as well as complex phenomena such as dark matter and black holes.

 He thought, as do I, that our beginning history as shown is a metaphor of the scientific facts.  I found him on You tube being interviewed and he explained his findings.  Though he has a Catholic background, he may not have found Jacob being the anchor to our history.                                   

Thomas Quinn Cahill (March 29, 1940 – October 18, 2022) was an American scholar and writer. He was best known for The Hinges of History series, a prospective seven-volume series in which the author recounts formative moments in Western civilization

Although there is Thomas Cahill's book, The Gifts of the Jews--how a tribe of desert nomads changed the way everyone thinks and feels..which may be talking about the fact that when Judaism, given to Moses, a descendant of Jacob,  came about when the world had gone for polytheism, and Jews staunchly stuck with Judaism and hasn't even accepted Jesus as the son of G-d.  ". He argued that ancient Israelites radically altered the trajectory of human history by introducing concepts like linear time, individual destiny, and ethical responsibility to the powerless.

                                 Rabbi Shnearson 

When asked during a question session at the University at Buffalo if he believed in a higher power, Tyson responded: "Every account of a higher power that I've seen described, of all religions that I've seen, include many statements with regard to the benevolence of that power. When I look at the universe and all the ways the universe wants to kill us, I find it hard to reconcile that with statements of beneficence. Beneficence is the ethical principle of acting in the best interest of others. It involves taking positive steps to prevent harm, remove harm, and improve the welfare of others. The word originates from the Latin benefactum, which literally translates to "good deed."

So here we go.  This happens to be a BIG principle in Judaism, though with the war at hand, Tyson may not accept that, and he may not be alone.  We have the MITZVAH in our belief system of trying to keep all of us from harm, to improve the welfare of others, even those who were our enemy.  We visit the sick, which is a mitzvah, and do many good deeds in our lives.  So does our army.  It so happens that our enemy, Iran and their terrorists of the moment, are fighting in a new way, that of destroying our good reputation.  Being anti-Semitism has been with us since the Hellenistic days, most people are now believing lies about us.  They allow their own people to be victims just to damage our good name.  So such opinions may have come to Tyson as well, and that would be very sad.  

In an interview with Big Think, he said: "So, what people are really after is what is my stance on religion or spirituality or God, and I would say if I find a word that came closest, it would be 'agnostic'... at the end of the day I'd rather not be any category at all." Additionally, in the same interview with Big Think, Tyson mentioned that he edited Wikipedia's entry on him to include the fact that he is an agnostic:   An agnostic is a person who believes that nothing is known (or can be known) about the existence of God. Unlike atheists, who assert that God does not exist, or theists, who believe in God, agnostics suspend judgment because they believe the truth is currently unknown or inherently un

                                Rashi
knowable. 

 So I'm trying to show that in Judaism, there is worth in our story of Creation and development of our tribes that led to Judaism, and that it doesn't have to be believed  word by word....until,....that is, when you get to Jacob. and how he was father of the 12 tribes.    

Resource:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_deGrasse_Tyson

The Land Israelites Were to Inhabit ; Where It Was

Nadene Goldfoot                                                                                                            

The Exodus crossed the Jorden River and into Canaan. They witnessed the eastern side of the Jordan first and loved the land.   

1. Asher's land in Canaan was a fertile territory extending from Western Galilee to the South of Carmel. 

                                           South of Carmel 

2. Naphtali's land  was the Northern part of Canaan, including the whole Eastern coast of the Sea of Galilee and the mountains of Galilee.  They fought against Sisera  and Gideon and the Midianites.  It was overrun by Arameans in the time of Baasha;  a large part of the people were exile by Tiglath Pilesser.  Survivors were living in the Galilee in 2nd Temple times.  

           Joshua leading the Tribes Defending them  (1500 BCE) 

3. Dan's land  was South of Jaffa but were pushed back into the hill country by the Amorites with part remaining on the coast. They had to move to the north, taking from Phoenicians a piece of land around Laish (Dan) .   They fought the Philistines.  

                  Valley of Jezreel 

4. Zebulun's land  was in central Palestine's the Valley of Jezreel.  They were traders, moving from it a lot.  

5. Issachar's land was land between Mt. Tabor and the Jordan including much of the fertile Valley of Jezreel

                                          

                                       Transjordan 

6. Manasseh, son of Joseph and Asenath,  land was divided into 2 pieces;  one was in Transjordan on condition that they serve as scouts going first and they received Gilead, Bashan and Argob.  the other half had territory in the West of Canaan around the Valley of Jezreel, both highly fertile land.  

7. Dan's land was South of Jaffa, then was forced back into the hill country by the Amorites with a few left in coastal region.  

8. Ephraim's, also son of Joseph and Asenath,  land was the fertile  hill country in central Palestine and Shiloh-25 miles North of Jerusalem, in mountains of Ephraim,  was on it.  

9. Gad's land was also  Gilead and Central Transjordan, became very warlike. The land was later taken over by the Ammonites.  

                        Jerusalem 

10. Benjamin's land  was between Ephraim  and Judah, including Jerusalem.  Everyone wanted this land.

             Negev Desert for Judah

11. Judah's land was the largest section in Canaan of the southern Negev Desert.  It extended to the Dead Sea.  mostly the steeply falling Eastern slope of the Judean hills with deep gorges and deserts and caves.  Neanderthal bones have been found in such caves.  Eventually, Judah was made up of Simeon and Benjamin people along with Judeans.  They also had the coast, but that was already occupied by the Philistines.  

12. Reuben's land- asked for territory in fertile Moab (Transjordan)  but it came with political problems with losing it to  Moabites or Ammonites.  

13. Simeon's land was unusual, centered in the middle of Judah as if for protection from others.  It actually came to them in 2 sections of the Negev Desert, and they were swallowed up by Judah as it was.  

One can see that the land Joshua gave to the 12 tribes by which Moses had planned for, was surrounded by other kingdoms that were leaching into their land chosen for them.  What may have been empty land 400 years previously, was now occupied by the 

1. Hittites...of Asia Minor into Syria

2. Arameans...Semitic, related to Israelites, married each other

3. Ammonites...of Transjordan,  Semitic, related to Israelites, from Lot

4. Moabites...of Transjordan, Semitic, related to Israelites, from Lot 

5. Edomites (Idumea) from SE Palestine (Mt. Seir) mountainous land, South of Dead Sea, border on Red Sea at Elath and Ezion Geber, Semitic, descendant of Esau, hunters.  ...

6. Philistines....with nature of fighting people;  of Mediterranean Sea people,  of Asia Minor and Greek places, came in waves...South of Beersheva in Gerar, from Crete  on South coastal area of Palestine-Gaza, Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath,

                         Israelite king fighting 

They do not exist today.  Either they died off in battle against the Israelites or were to become part of them by marriage or peace.  DNA testing can tell us about our heritage to a certain degree by letting us know our Y haplogroup and our Mt haplogroup.  The Israelites' 1st king was Saul of tribe of Benjamin, b: about 1030 BCE, died about 1000 BCE.  King David of tribe of Judah ruled from 1010-970 BCE).  They both fought the Philistines. 

Resource:

The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia 

Our Ancestors of Judah: The Big Family Of the Smallest World Group of People

 Nadene Goldfoot                                                

Moses, born way before in 1391 BCE, to Jochebed and Amram from the tribe of Levi, the 3rd son.so he is closely related, the closest brother to Judah.  Joshua, the successor of Moses, was from the tribe of Ephraim, who was the younger son of Joseph, of the tribe of Judah.  Aaron, the brother of Moses, became the high priest, decided by Moses, and the DNA of this line  of the tribe of Judah is called the Cohen line or J1 of which we also find in Arab men.  As centuries pass by, the DNA picks up little mutations in the dna, making it easy to follow from father to son, so Arabs do have a few dna changes from the Jewish line because of the time difference today, as their dna tests are read.   This direct line goes back to Noah and from Noah to Enoch.                  

Jacob's AKA was Israel. The name change happened after an experience.  Through this wrestle with an angel, Jacob proved what was most important to him. He demonstrated that he was willing to let God prevail in his life. In response, God changed Jacob's name to Israel, meaning 'let God prevail. He was married to Leah, the older sister of Rachel.  His father was Isaac and Jacob's brother was Esau, who joined the other people and parted from his tribe. That's how Arabs are distant cousins of the Jews.  Isaac was the son of Sarah and Abraham, so since then, their male descendants  have carried the same DNA segments that show their paternity origin.  It's how science and the genetic history of our ancestors agree.  

Our ancestors of Judah were from the son of Leah and Jacob's 4rd son, Judah. It was he who received his father's   patriarchal blessing.  The area he was assigned to by Joshua  was one of the largest in Canaan and it eventually absorbed also, the inheritance of Simeon in the Negev.   From him came his clan before it became tribe, and that tribe came to include of the the tribe of Benjamin in the days of King Solomon, maybe even before. In 721 BCE, the Assyrians had attacked the 10 northern tribe and had carried away over 1,000 people.  The southern end of Israel was Judah, who remained untouched, with some of Benjamin.

Joseph was the 11th son of Jacob by Rachel, her first son. He would also be of the tribe of Judah.   

Benjamin was the 12th son of Rachel and Jacob, her 2nd, and then Rachel died in childbirth.  Benjamin's tribe occupied territory between Ephraim and Judah which included Jerusalem.  Saul, 1st king of Israel, was a Benjamite.  That means that Saul and David were cousins.  

David, king of Judah from 1010 BCE to 970 BCE was of the tribe of Judah, made up of people of Judah, Simeon and Benjamin.  Since his DNA is passed down from father to son, Solomon was also from Judah.  Jews come from the tribe of Judah.  It's said we're all 30th cousins.  

Hillel, born in 1st century  BCE, comes from the dynasty of our Patriarchs.  Many of us claim our heritage from Hillel. He was a Jew of ancestors that were taken from Judah to Babylonia in 597 and 586 BCE in another great attack that also took prisoners with them.  Hillel was born in Babylonia but returned to Jerusalem, working as a laborer while going to school to learn all he could about Judaism.  He was such a good student, becoming a rabbi, that he became the president of the Sanhedrin.  

RASHI or Rabbi Solomon Yitzhak ben Isaac was born in 1040 in France, studying in the Rhineland, and died in 1105.   Lots of today's Jews also have him on their tree. He's known for his many comments on the Bible and Talmud.  

Albert Einstein b: 1879-d: 1955 born in Ulm, Germany,  educated in Switzerland was a physicist and deemed having the highest IQ of 180.  Average IQ is 100.  He was an active supporter of Zionism.  His interest in Israel was its scientific institutions, especially the Hebrew University which he was a trustee.  After Weizmann had died in 1952, he was offered an invitation to stand for election as the next president, but he turned that job down.  He's known for his theory of relativity.  Y-DNA analyses with various members of Albert Einstein's paternal line were able to determine his haplogroup. The result also confirmed his Jewish ancestry. Albert Einstein belonged to haplogroup E (subgroup E-PF1952) in his paternal line.  This is a very large Jewish haplogroup, and in my family, the 2 I know of are very musical.  They are connected somehow to the Cohen line which seems to be the largest group.  

Kirk Douglas  b: 1916-d: 2020, Douglas was born Issur Danielovitch Belarusian: Іссур Даніелавіч, Russian: Иссур Даниелович) in Amsterdam, New York, on December 9, 1916, the son of Bryna "Bertha" (née Sanglel) and Herschel "Harry" Danielovitch. His parents were immigrants from Chavusy, Mogilev Governorate, in the Russian Empire (present-day Belarus),and the family spoke Yiddish at home. Douglas was the fourth child of seven children and the only son born to his parents. He had six sisters, three older and three younger: Pesha “Bessie”, Kaleh “Katherine”, Tamara “Mary”, Siffra “Frieda”, Haska “Ida”, and Rachel “Ruth”. Douglas embraced his Jewish heritage in his later years, after a near-fatal helicopter crash at the age of 74.  He lived to be 104.  

One thing I notice is that this line produces some outstanding people.  They show their intelligence in many ways, being leaders in many fields, though they have shrunk in size, not in brains.  Almost half of todays Jewish population live in Israel with 45.3% of it.  There are only 15.2 million Jews in the world which is 0.02 of the world population.                   

  Scattered all over the world, the family is coming together in Israel.

About 5 or 6 million live in the USA which is 2% of the population.  For such a small group of people, they are suffering from a great amount of anti-semitism these days, I note mostly happening on the East Coast of the USA. To combat hate, the best thing is to know the history of your people, and be proud of it and yourself for it.  Like they say, I'm okay and you're okay.   

Resource;

The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia

https://www.jns.org/jewish-world-population-rises-to-15-2-million-45-3-live-in-israel/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwjbyYBhCdARIsAArC6LIdVD5EyAK9HK73_kj_QxiB-45MAvzI3tQnPGW1Iz6ln8zBnkUKc50aAk50EALw_wcB

Israel in maps:: From Assyrians, 12 Tribes to Divided Kingdom of Israel and Judah and Today, Map Study

Jacob started it all.  He was the younger twin of Isaac and Rebekah who bought his brother Esau's birthright from him.  At Haran he married his uncle Laban's 2 daughters, Rachel and Leah.  Through them and their 2 handmaids, Bilhah and Zilpah, he had 12 sons and 1 daughter.  Leah had Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulin and Dinah.  Rachael had Joseph and Benjamin.  Bilhah had Dan and Naphtali.  Zilpah had Gad and Asher. 
It was Joshua of the tribe of Ephraim  some
400 years later who commanded the descendants of the 12 sons:  some 600,000 slaves and told them where to live as decided by drawing lots.
Since Joseph stayed in Egypt, his sons, Manasseh and Ephraim were included in drawing lots

His ancestor, Abraham, came from Ur of the Chaldees/Cassites which was an ancient Babylonian city.  Then his family moved to Haran which was a trading town of NW Mesopotamia, center of a moon cult religion.  Around it were the Habiru (Hebrews where Terah, Abraham's father lived.)  The land Jacob lived in
was Canaan, the name for Syria in the 15th to 13th centuries, but used for the
coast of Eretz Yisrael.  It was made up of small city-states.  

     Nadene Goldfoot                                     

Assyria of W Asia had an aggressive kingdom in the 20th century BCE.The name of Canaan comes to us from 15th century BCE. 11 different kinds of peoples lived here between the Nile and the Euphrates. The Assyrian
Empire was at its greatest in 650 BCE so this map states.  Note: Syria was
called Aram in Biblical days.  Damascus and Jews goes back to David in whose realm it was comprised; the capital of Aram-Dammesek- important in the period of Kings as either friend or foe of Israel.  David ruled Israel from 1010 BCE to 970 BCE.  

Israel and her neighborhood:    The name of Canaan comes to us from 15 century BCE. 11 different kinds of peoples lived here between the Nile and the Euphrates.
  Jacob and his 12 sons had been living in Canaan
which became their kingdom of Israel, thus the name of Israel.  Originally they had been the Ivreem from the EAST (rivers of Tigris and Euphrates).  They spoke
Hebrew (Ivrew-Ivreem). 

 The whole population has since changed;  there is
no more Moab or Edom:  there is Jordan and Saudi Arabia.  Egypt and now
Israel still exist along with the city of Damascus and the nation who owns that city, Syria. " The modern name of Syria is claimed by some scholars to have derived from Herodotus' habit of referring to the whole of Mesopotamia as 'Assyria' and, after the Assyrian Empire fell in 612 BCE, the western part continued to be called 'Assyria' until after the Seleucid Empire when it became known as 'Syria'."

12 tribes 1,200-1030 BCE
according to the book of Joshua

In 400 years since their absence, kingdoms had developed
who were not happy with new invaders, the returnees who
had now grown from a family of 70. 

                                                                                                                                                     

United Kingdom of Israel during Saul and David's reign
1020-970 BCE

Research from the 2nd census by Moses tells us that he led 601,730 slaves of Egypt into their some 400 year-old homeland of Canaan, with only a loss after 40 years of traveling some 1,820 souls.  Moses didn't actually get to enter Canaan himself as he died outside of it at the age of 120 years.  According to Jewish calendar, this was in the year of 1271-1273 BCE which was 3,273 years ago.                                                

              We come to the year 1922 CE and the land now looks like this.
                                                                       

   Today, after losing land to Abdullah from Saudi Arabia who asked the British    about land for him, the Jews were given about 20% of the original Jewish homeland they had been promised.                                                                    


                                    In 1949 Israel looked like this below: 
Note that the white area is Samaria and its lower area is Judea.  "According to the Hebrew Bible, the Israelites captured the region known as Samaria from the Canaanites and assigned it to the Tribe of Joseph."  Since Joseph lived in Egypt, the land went to his sons, Manasseh and Ephriam."
   "After the death of King Solomon (c. 931 BC), the northern tribes, including those of Samaria, separated from the southern tribes and established the separate Kingdom of Israel. Initially its capital was Tirzah until the time of King Omri (c.884 BC), who built the city of Shomron and made it his capital." 
     Judah was given the name of Judea by the Romans which came under their rule in 63 BCE, renamed Palaestina in 135 after fighting a war over Jerusalem with the Jewish Bar Kokhba general and his men who lost the battle.  
                                                                           

 Judea and Samaria was populated by Arabs, most who entered when Jews had returned from the Galut (Jewish Diaspora) of Russia, etc, in 1880 and was referred to as the West Bank by the world other than Israelites.  Gaza also
was emptied and given over to  these Arabs who became citizens of Hamas terrorism rulership, used to attack Israel. 

    Below is a map showing how close cities are to Samaria and Judea, as the      Arabs living there attack cities of Israel.                   

Today's Peace Plan by Trump with Jared Kushner, son in law

                                                                       

Beitar Illit (ביתר עילית) is an Israeli city of 56,746 established in 1985 in the Gush Etzion area which is 6.2 miles south of Jerusalem in the northern Judean Hills.  Its population are mostly Orthodox Jews, who have studied the area, wanting
to live where their ancestors had lived.  
You'll sometime notice that journalists refer to it as a settlement. 

The plan was ignored by the Palestinians who vowed not to accept it anyway.
They've ignored all offers for the past 70 years as it is.  Arabs attended in 1967
after the war the Khartoom conference in Africa.  They vowed to never accept Israel or any peace plan.   

Jews living in Judea/Samaria's Neve Menachem  are also not happy with the plan.  These 200 mostly English-speaking families live in this town in Samaria 

Karnei Shomron (Hebrew: קַרְנֵי שׁוֹמְרוֹן, lit. "Rays of (light of) Samaria") is an Israeli settlement organized as a local council established in 1977 in the West Bank, east of Kfar Saba.   Karnei Shomron is located 48 kilometres (30 mi) northeast of Tel Aviv and 85 kilometres (53 mi) north of Jerusalem. In 2018 it had a population of 7,713.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this, and they have excellent reason.  Read Professor Kontorovich's comments on these areas.   He says they do not violate international law.  

Resource: Tanach, the Stone Edition;Torah/Prophets/Writings

The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia

 https://www.ancient.eu/syria/

https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/trump-israel-palestine-plan-1.8466018

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Israeli_settlements

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beitar_Illit

https://www.nbn.org.il/aliyahpedia/community-housing-aliyahpedia/community-profiles/karnei-shomron/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnei_Shomron

https://www.law.gmu.edu/news/2019/israeli_settlements_do_not_violate_international_law_according_to_eugene_kontorovich

What Israelite Tribes Did Pathans Come From?

Nadene Goldfoot                                               

Fraternal twins, Esau, born 1st  and Jacob.
Jacob is wearing the blue turban and coat.
Jacob had to cheat Esau out of Isaac's 1st son's right to the  dying blessing, which Esau held against him, but this blessing would have given him responsibilities he was not interested in doing, and Rebecca, their mother, knew this and actually helped Jacob to trick Esau. 
This is the story of a family;  Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.  

Our Israelite history really starts with Abraham and Sarah, his wife who were Ivrim.  They had one son who was Isaac and his son was Jacob.    Jacob is the center of our history.  Jacob was a twin.  The other twin was Esau.They were very different.   Jacob had fallen in love with beautiful Rachel, but her father tricked Jacob into marrying his older daughter, Leah, first.  Leah had 6 sons and Rachel had 2.  Each maid had 2 each, making 12 sons for Jacob.  Leah also had a daughter, Dinah that her brothers loved. 
                                                               

Jacob had 12 sons by 2 wives and the wives'2  handmaidens.
                                                                       

Jacob is standing with Rachel and baby Benjamin.

Leah was the 1st wife and her sons were: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar and  Zebulun
Her sister, Rachel, had Joseph and later on, Benjamin, and then she died.
Leah's maid, Zilpah, had 2 sons;  Gad and Asher.
Rachel's maid, Bilhah, had Dan and Naphtali.

Jacob's name was changed to Israel on the trip home with all his children and sheep after being gone for 20 years and had a vivid experience of wrestling with an angel and winning; meaning he had overcome a large problem as he had left when his father, Isaac, had died and Jacob had had words with Esau. He returned and settled in Canaan, his old homeland.  Joseph disappeared and Jacob didn't get over it as he had been his favorite son.  To make a long story short, Joseph shows up later in Egypt and had become the Pharaoh's chief minister.  Jacob met him again on his trip to Egypt.  Finally, Jacob was able to see and touch his favorite son before he died. As Jacob lay dying, he told each son his future and about himself, his attributes and his faults.  This seems to have determined what did happen to them and their tribes.   Jacob was buried in the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron of Judah which is only 18 miles south of  Jerusalem.   Hebron has been taken over by the Palestinians because it has been allocated in the West Bank (Judea-Samaria to Jews).  

In 1929, the Arabs massacred many of the 700 Jews of this town and the survivors fled.  Some returned in 1931. By 1967 there were 38,310 Arabs living here.  After 1967 Jews returned, establishing Kiryat Arba east of the city and by 1988 there were 3,700 Jews there. Today there are much less.  The Arab population in 2010 was 600,364.   It had been one of the 4 sacred towns of the Jews;  Jerusalem, Tiberias and Safed were the others.  
                                                                     

Manasseh, Gad and Reuben's land allocation are in today's Jordan.

Much later after being in Egypt for 400 years as slaves, Moses at age 80 had freed them, and at 120 brought them on back on a 40 year trek to Canaan, where they had come from.  He had Joshua be in charge who saw to it that they were to live in the land Moses had chosen for them. Notice where
Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar and  Zebulun were to live.  Gad and Asher were separated by land.  So was Dan and Naphtali.  It's interesting that the division was not keeping full brothers always together, which was good if there was to be a lot of intermarriage between these particular tribes.

I note that in Moses' scroll of Deuteronomy 27:12 when Moses was commanded to bless all 12 tribes before entering THE LAND at the end of their 40 year Exodus,  the tribes were to stand together in their tribal group to receive it.  They would cross the Jordan River and the following tribes were to stand on Mount Gerizim:  Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar-- 4 of Leah's sons and  Joseph and Benjamin--Rachel's sons.  That was an equal division of the 12 tribes to be on this mountain.

The other 6 tribes were to stand on Mount Ebal and were:  Reuben-Leach's 1st son, Gad and Asher-Zilpah's 2 sons, Zebulun-Leah's son, Dan and Naphtali-Bilhah's 2 sons.   Joseph, Jacob's 11th son,  was in Egypt with grazing land in Goshen, and his wife was Asenath who gave him 2 sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.    Jacob had blessed Joseph's 2 sons of which Manasseh was the 1st.  Each got equal portions of land as their uncles did.  Manasseh divided into 7 families, Machir and the other 6 were kinsmen  with Gilead.  1/2 of the tribe with Reuben and Gad asked for territory in Transjordania and that's what they got.  After Canaan was conquered, the other half got territory in the west around the Valley of Jezreel, both very fertile lands.  Tiglath-Pileser III and Sargon exiled much of the population from both sections but part stayed there.  A Jewish population, mostly descendants from Simeon, still was in existence in the Western Manasseh area in the earlier 2nd Temple Period.

The Ark, the Kohanim(descendants of Aaron of the tribe of Levi)and the elders of the Levites-of the tribe of Levi but not the direct descendants of Aaron were to stand in the valley between the 2 mountains, Gerizim and Ebal.
                                                                                       

The 1st king of Israel was Saul from the tribe of Benjamin.  Up to then, they had no kings.  He was selected by Samuel, the Prophet at a grave time when the Philistines were attacking them all.
                                       

                                 
The 2nd king was David who was from the tribe of Judah.
Here he is as a young man, fighting for Saul.  Prophecy is that
the Messiah will come from the family line of David.  What we know of today is that the Jews are made up mostly of the tribe of Judah, and that most of the tribe of Benjamin had joined them when King Solomon had died in 920 BCE.  Also they had absorbed the tribe of Simeon which was in the extreme South near Judah.   There were also the Kohanim (today's Cohens) as the tribe of Levi was scattered among all the 12 tribes teaching.  Representatives from each tribe would have met and talked with each other 3 times a year in Jerusalem. So Judah would have been made up of the tribe of Judah, most of Benjamin, Simeon  and some Levites.  The  other tribes were part of the northern tribal coalition  and had been taken away by Assyrians. Notice that Levi had not been given any land.  They were intermingled with all the tribes, so many would have been included in the northern tribes and been captives as well.

Therefore, the Pashtos are the descendants of Reuben, Issachar, Zebulun, Gad, Asher, Dan, Naphtali, Levi and Joseph's 2 children, Manassah and Ephraim and some of Benjamin that weren't in Judah at the time.   

At the time of the Assyrian attack on the northern tribes in 721 BCE, 27,290 northern Israelites were taken away by them to Assyria and Media.  This is who the Pathans come from.   Judah was busy fighting them off, too, and Ashdod revolted with the support of King Hezekiah of Judah which was stopped in 715 BCE.  Sennacherib, Sargon's son and the next  King of Assyria, (705-681 BCE)  marched south, took Phoenician cities, defeated the Egyptians in 701 BCE, then took Ascalon(Ashkelon)  and Joppa(Jaffa), sacked Lachish and invaded Jerusalem in 700 BCE.  Judah was ravaged, but king Hezekiah was able to hold out by paying tribute and ceding land to them.

                                                                   

Sennacherib-the enemy, was then hit with a plague in his army and had to leave and go home.   

The Assyrians were stopped at the walls of Jerusalem in 701 BCE, only to be overwhelmed by the Babylonians in 586 BCE and almost all were deported then to Babylonia.  All the wealth of Israel when a whole country of the North and the South had been in the North.  The South had no normal access to the sea which was the great trade route, so they had less trade and were much poorer.
                                                                               

 They had Jerusalem, the religious center with the Temple.  Judah was also just 1/3 the size of Israel of the North.  It was poor and unimportant to invaders, they thought.  The South, Judah, had this reminder of their religion.

Resource: The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
http://jewishbubba.blogspot.com/2013/09/death-bed-prophecy-for-jacobs.html
Tanakh, the Stone Edition