Nadene Goldfoot
In 1559, a Spanish expedition led by Tristán de Luna y Arellano, brought 1,500 soldiers, colonists, slaves, and Aztec Indians in 11 ships from Veracruz, Mexico, to Pensacola to begin the Spanish colonization of the northern Gulf Coast. One month after Luna and his expedition arrived, the colony was struck by a hurricane, sinking many of their ships and devastating their food supplies. After two years, the remnants of the colony were rescued by Spanish ships and returned to Mexico. The Luna settlement inhabited Pensacola from 1559 to 1561, which predates the Spanish settlement in St. Augustine, Florida, by six years, and the English settlement in Jamestown, Virginia, by 48 years. This makes Pensacola the site of the first multi-year European colonial settlement ever archaeologically identified in the United States.
The first permanent European settlement in what is now the United States was St. Augustine, Florida, established by the Spanish in 1565. Today, St. Augustine is a city on the northeast coast of Florida. It lays claim to being the oldest city in the U.S., and is known for its Spanish colonial architecture as well as Atlantic Ocean beaches like sandy St. Augustine Beach and tranquil Crescent Beach. Anastasia State Park is a protected wildlife sanctuary. The Castillo de San Marcos is a 17th-century Spanish stone fortress with views of the St. Augustine Inlet. ― Google Founded: September 8, 1565
While Jamestown, Virginia is often cited as the first English settlement, it was founded in 1607, significantly later than St. Augustine. It was established by the London Company as "James Fort" on May 4, 1607 O.S. (May 14, 1607 N.S.), and considered permanent, after brief abandonment in 1610. It followed failed attempts, including the Roanoke Colony, established in 1585. Despite the dispatch of more supplies, only 60 of the original 214 settlers survived the 1609–1610 Starving Time. In mid-1610, the survivors abandoned Jamestown, though they returned after meeting a resupply convoy in the James River..
The Spanish, then British started settlements on this new land They had a hard time surviving, but one did.
Delaware was the first state to be declared in the USA. It ratified the U.S. Constitution on December 7, 1787, making it the first state to join the Union. This event earned Delaware the nickname "The First State" according to Delaware.gov. The first settlement in Delaware was called Zwaanendael. Established by Dutch traders in 1631 near present-day Lewes, this settlement was intended for whale hunting and agriculture. The name Zwaanendael means "Valley of the Swans" in archaic Dutch. However, this initial settlement was short-lived, as conflicts with local Native Americans resulted in its destruction in 1632. The first permanent European settlement in Delaware was Fort Christina, established by Swedish settlers in 1638. It was located at present-day Wilmington and was part of the New Sweden colony. Wilmington, Delaware, was first settled by Europeans in March 1638, when Swedish colonists established Fort Christina, now the site of Wilmington. The city was officially incorporated much later, first as a borough in 1739 and then as a city in 1832, according to the City of Wilmington (DE) (.gov).
The USA was founded on July 4, 1776. Before this date, communities that arose were called Settlements; but afterwards, became cities. Settlements appear to me to be an antiquated term, making me think of cowboys and Indians around a Fort, but google thinks differently:
- Rural Settlements: Characterized by lower population density and often reliant on agriculture or natural resource extraction. (usa firsts)
- Urban Settlements: Densely populated centers of commerce, industry, and governance, typically featuring advanced infrastructure and diverse economic opportunities.
- Suburban Settlements: Areas situated on the outskirts of cities, combining features of both urban and rural living, often primarily residential with proximity to urban amenities.
The same should be for Israel, which was declared a state on May 14, 1948. Settlements do turn into cities after land becomes a state. I want "settlements" to be re-typed as either villages, towns or cities, depending on their size, as the USA has done. Israel is 77 years old, and people still refer to its cities as "settlements", a very temporary community.
Jews entered Canaan with Joshua on the Exodus of some 600,000 freed slaves from Egypt who were mostly the children and their descendants of Jacob. Their ancestors had lived in Canaan some 400 years previously, so they were going home. Moses, an 80 year old Egyptian Prince, also a descendant, born in 1391 BCE, led them but died at 120 years, giving Joshua the reign in 1271 BCE. That was 3,296 years ago!
Some Jews never left Jerusalem. Most had been kidnapped, taken away as slaves in 70 CE when Romans attacked and burned the city. Jerusalem went back to King David's rule who made it his capital of Israel. David died in 970 BCE, so the country had already existed for over 1,000 years after the Roman attack. Some cities had been developed long before that!
The First Aliyah to Palestine took place between 1882 and 1903. This period saw a significant wave of Jewish immigration, primarily from Eastern Europe and Yemen, motivated by Zionist ideals and seeking to establish a larger Jewish presence in the region.
The city of Tel Aviv was founded in April 11, 1909 as a garden suburb of Jaffa and named after the title of the Hebrew translation of Herzl's novel, Altneuland (Ezek. 3:15). There are Arabs who call it a settlement.
There are a number of new communities and neighborhoods being developed or under construction in Israel, including within Tel Aviv and its vicinity. In addition, many urban renewal projects are underway in existing neighborhoods across Israel, including in cities like Jerusalem, Ashdod, Lod, Rehovot, Tiberias, Hadera, Ramat Gan, and Bat Yam. This involves replacing older buildings with modern structures, often leading to a significant increase in housing units and improved infrastructure.
Area C in Judea-Samaria have also received new housing projects.
https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/law/human-settlement#:~:text=Human%
20settlements%20are%20locations%20where,while%20hunting%20and%20gathering%20food.
https://www.visitpensacola.com/americas-1st-settlement-trail/1st-settlement/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmington,_Delaware
https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/real-estate/article-856914
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-first-aliyah-1882-1903
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