Nadene Goldfoot
Jewish law centers around the important value on all of life. Therefore, it stands to reason that the act of suicide is looked upon as a crime. Moses was born in 1391 BCE and died in 1271 BCE, over 3,000 years ago, and suicide must have been in existence then. The deliberate self-destruction is equal to murder, since it is murdering oneself. So when it came to burial of a suicidal victim, the person was treated as a convicted murderer and denied normal burial and customs involved in mourning.
With the era of psychology, we have Jews leading in becoming psychologists and studying suicide and its causes. It had been realized that most suicides have a mental unbalance and that some could not be condemned at all for their action.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was a Jew born in Pribor, a town in Moravia in the Austrian Empire, later to be called the Czech Republic but lived and worked in Austria who was the founder of psychoanalysis. He spent most of his life in Vienna, Austria which he left and emigrated to London after the Nazi invasion in 1938. He had a successful scientific career as a neuropathologist and clinical neurologist. He went into hypnosis which he used in treating neuroses of people. He invented the method of "free-association" where a patient speaks out about what is on his mind. He was experiencing anti-Semitism as a child and later as an adult. Perhaps this experience caused him to dislike all religion including his own, as he saw it as an irrational manifestation of the human mind which was traceable, by the aid of psychoanalysis, to early personal internal conflicts like other neuroses. In the year he died, 1939, he was working on of the controversial study, MOSES AND MONOTHEISM, when Freud presented data based on psychoanalytical concepts, to prove that Moses was an Egyptian man-and not believing that he was in fact the brother of Aaron, a Jewish Egyptian slave. Freud went on to discuss the nature of religion.
Too bad they hadn't discovered DNA Freud's his day. "Three of the ancient Egyptian mummified individuals were analysed for Y-DNA, and were observed to bear paternal lineages that are common in both the Middle East and North Africa. The researchers cautioned that the affinities of the examined ancient Egyptian specimens may not be representative of those of all ancient Egyptians since they were from a single archaeological site. I know that King Tut's line resembled the alleles found in R Haplogroup. The male line of Y is much harder to retrieve than the female (mt) line.
Biblical suicides include Samson written about in Judges 16:30 who gave his life in order to also take the Philistines with him. He had been deceived by Delilah who betrayed the secret of his strength by telling the Philistines to cut his hair. They also put his eyes out and forced him to walk in chains to move the prison mill. When he became the object of mockery, that was it. He lost it and used his strength to move the pillars that caused the building to fall, killing all there, including himself.
The first king of Israel, Saul, of the tribe of Benjamin, found in Samuel 31:4, had committed suicide. The Philistines and Ammonites were united in a major attack on the Israelites, who had judges ruling over them, so with the threat, the people demanded a king, and Samuel, a prophet, chose Saul for the position. With his leadership, they defeated their enemy. Yet he was at odds with Samuel anyway for other reasons, and Samuel replaced him with David. Saul was so jealous of David that he drove him out of the country. This time the Philistines attacked again and Saul fell with his 3 sons in battle. He fell on his sword (committing suicide) to avoid capture in the battle against the Philistines at Mount Gilboa, during which three of his sons were also killed.
In 73 CE, the garrison of Masada killed themselves rather than be taken by the Romans who were sure to be cruel and angry with the holdouts who had caused the Roman reputation to be tarnished and they killed themselves with a system without pain as much as they could. They had certain men be the slayers until none were left. One woman left without others seeing her with a few children, the only ones alive after the Romans entered and found all dead.
Today, Masada is the scene of the swearing in ceremony for IDF, Israel Defense Force. Among the ruins are King Herod's Palace, which sprawls over 3 rock terraces, and a Roman-style bathhouse with mosaic floors. Masada is one of Israel's most popular tourist attractions.
Later, in the year 1190, the 150 Jews of York, England killed themselves to avoid falling into Christian hands. It happened on the Sabbath before Passover on March 16, 1190 when the York Jews, headed by Rabbi Yom-Tov of Joigny, France, were besieged in the Castle Keep by a bloodthirsty mob and it ended with them killing one another rather than surrender to the mob. "Seeing no way out to safety most of the Jews chose to commit suicide in the keep. The alternatives were to renounce their faith and surrender to forced baptism or death at the hands of the mob.. " They really were left with no choice.
After killing their wives and children they set fire to the wooden keep and killed themselves.." Jews continued to live in York who had come in from other places till 1290 when all were expulsed. A few Jews do live there today.
There were Jews who committed suicide in order to avoid the horrible killing fields and gassing of masses of Jews held in concentration camps by the Nazis.
When suicide is the action from mental disturbances, the person is buried in a normal way, but when it's not mentally caused, the person was buried in a plot at the side of the cemetery. It's hard to imagine what kind of cause that would be. Any of the above would have caused great mental anguish to cause the taking of one's own life.
Thank goodness we have police trained in talking down people about to do something drastic like jumping off a high bridge or building. They do their very best in preventing the taking of a life from any cause, even from oneself.
Reference:The Voices of Masada by David Kossoff
The Antagonists by Ernest K. Gann-Jew vs Roman in "one of the most heroic stories ever created...surely Gann's best best book quote from Irving Stone.
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
http://jewishbubba.blogspot.com/2015/08/why-jewish-interest-in-psychology.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jewish_American_psychologists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_history_of_Egypt
Jewishgen.org--Pribor.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Breuer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wertheimer
http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/themes/norman/the-1190-massacre
http://medievalcastles.stormthecastle.com/inside-a-medieval-castle-keep.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate
https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/22/health/ancient-egypt-mummy-dna-genome-heritage/index.html
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| Kamal Ravikant is the author of the bestselling books, Love Yourself Like Your Life Depends On It and Live Your Truth |
With the era of psychology, we have Jews leading in becoming psychologists and studying suicide and its causes. It had been realized that most suicides have a mental unbalance and that some could not be condemned at all for their action.
Too bad they hadn't discovered DNA Freud's his day. "Three of the ancient Egyptian mummified individuals were analysed for Y-DNA, and were observed to bear paternal lineages that are common in both the Middle East and North Africa. The researchers cautioned that the affinities of the examined ancient Egyptian specimens may not be representative of those of all ancient Egyptians since they were from a single archaeological site. I know that King Tut's line resembled the alleles found in R Haplogroup. The male line of Y is much harder to retrieve than the female (mt) line.
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| Josef Breuer (1842-1925 Vienna, Austria), was a distinguished physician who made key discoveries in neurophysiology, and whose work in the 1880s with his patient Bertha Pappenheim, known as Anna O., developed the talking cure and (cathartic method) and laid the foundation to psychoanalysis as developed by his protégé Sigmund Freud.
Max Wertheimer was an Austro-Hungarian-born psychologist who was one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, along with Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler.
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Biblical suicides include Samson written about in Judges 16:30 who gave his life in order to also take the Philistines with him. He had been deceived by Delilah who betrayed the secret of his strength by telling the Philistines to cut his hair. They also put his eyes out and forced him to walk in chains to move the prison mill. When he became the object of mockery, that was it. He lost it and used his strength to move the pillars that caused the building to fall, killing all there, including himself.
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| King Saul |
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| Samson |
The first king of Israel, Saul, of the tribe of Benjamin, found in Samuel 31:4, had committed suicide. The Philistines and Ammonites were united in a major attack on the Israelites, who had judges ruling over them, so with the threat, the people demanded a king, and Samuel, a prophet, chose Saul for the position. With his leadership, they defeated their enemy. Yet he was at odds with Samuel anyway for other reasons, and Samuel replaced him with David. Saul was so jealous of David that he drove him out of the country. This time the Philistines attacked again and Saul fell with his 3 sons in battle. He fell on his sword (committing suicide) to avoid capture in the battle against the Philistines at Mount Gilboa, during which three of his sons were also killed.
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According to Josephus, the siege of Masada by troops of the Roman Empire at the end of the First Jewish–Roman War ended in the mass suicide of 960 people, the Sicarii rebels and their families hiding there.
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| Soldiers singing Hatikva, Israel's national anthem https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsg5QswBQ1Q |
Today, Masada is the scene of the swearing in ceremony for IDF, Israel Defense Force. Among the ruins are King Herod's Palace, which sprawls over 3 rock terraces, and a Roman-style bathhouse with mosaic floors. Masada is one of Israel's most popular tourist attractions.
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| Clifford's Tower where suicide took place in York, England |
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| Keeps were large towers in castles that were fortified residences, used as a refuge of last resort should the rest of the castle fall to an adversary. The first keeps were made of timber and formed a key part of the Motte-and-Bailey castles that emerged in Normandy and Anjou during the 10th century; the design spread to England as a result of the Norman invasion of 1066, |
After killing their wives and children they set fire to the wooden keep and killed themselves.." Jews continued to live in York who had come in from other places till 1290 when all were expulsed. A few Jews do live there today.
There were Jews who committed suicide in order to avoid the horrible killing fields and gassing of masses of Jews held in concentration camps by the Nazis.
When suicide is the action from mental disturbances, the person is buried in a normal way, but when it's not mentally caused, the person was buried in a plot at the side of the cemetery. It's hard to imagine what kind of cause that would be. Any of the above would have caused great mental anguish to cause the taking of one's own life.
Thank goodness we have police trained in talking down people about to do something drastic like jumping off a high bridge or building. They do their very best in preventing the taking of a life from any cause, even from oneself.
| WHO region | Crude rateu | Age-standardized rate | Crude male rateu | Crude female rateu | Male–Female ratiou |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Southeast Asia
| 13.3 | 13.3 | 14.9 | 11.7 | 1.27 |
Africa
| 7.4 | 12.8 | 9.9 | 4.9 | 2.01 |
Europe[note 3]
| 15.7 | 11.9 | 25.2 | 6.8 | 3.73 |
Western Pacific
| 10.2 | 9.1 | 10.9 | 9.5 | 1.15 |
Americas
| 9.9 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 4.6 | 3.27 |
Eastern Mediterranean
| 3.9 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 2.7 | 1.84 |
| 10.7 | 10.7 | 13.6 | 7.8 | 1.74 |
Reference:The Voices of Masada by David Kossoff
The Antagonists by Ernest K. Gann-Jew vs Roman in "one of the most heroic stories ever created...surely Gann's best best book quote from Irving Stone.
The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia
http://jewishbubba.blogspot.com/2015/08/why-jewish-interest-in-psychology.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jewish_American_psychologists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_history_of_Egypt
Jewishgen.org--Pribor.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Breuer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Wertheimer
http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/themes/norman/the-1190-massacre
http://medievalcastles.stormthecastle.com/inside-a-medieval-castle-keep.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate
https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/22/health/ancient-egypt-mummy-dna-genome-heritage/index.html
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