Tuesday, March 14, 2023

100 Years ago in 1923: All the Developments Since Then

 Nadene Goldfoot                                           

  President Coolidge;  born on July 4, 1872, died  January 5, 1933

One hundred years ago, John Calvin Coolidge was just starting his 6 year presidency as our 30th president.  He was a Republican from Massachusetts.  Vice Pres. was Charles Gates Dawes.  My mother would be 10 years old on June 29th and my father would be 15 on July 1st.                                    

This was the era of the flappers.  The flapper craze arrives on the American scene in the 1920s, featuring young libertine women who bob their hair and dance the Charleston in short dresses.  They were rebels. They frequent jazz clubs and use flapper jargon like “the cat’s meow,” “the bee’s knees,” or “that’s so Jake.”  

                                           1923  street light

Electricity in 1923: The '20s may have been roaring for well-heeled urban centers, but on the farm? Rural electricity in the 1920s was as rare as Google Fiber is today. Which makes these 1922 predictions for the farm of the future so brazen.  Last week, you may have seen this awesome 1921 map from the Star Tribune archives. It shows which states in the U.S. had the most household users of electricity, with places like New York and Illinois visually swollen to represent their large (newly electrified) urban populations.

                                                        

The Dodge Series 116 was a middle class automobile made by Dodge from 1923 to 1925 as their main model. Released June 1922, it was the first car ever to have an all steel body. The model was updated in 1924 with a higher hood line, a rear brake light, and new springs. It came equipped with a three-speed standard manual transmission and an advertised 35 horsepower Flathead four-cylinder engine giving the car a top speed of around 45/50 miles an hour. depending on the body style, Luxury optional equipment included door locks, transmission lock, exhaust heater, disk wheels or wood spoke wheels with demountable rims, and roll-down windows.
Cost:  
  • Chevrolet, Roadster, 2 passenger,$ 570.00
  • Hudson, Coach, 7 passenger, $1,450.00
  • Studebaker, Touring Light-Six, 5 passenger, $995.00

          A piece of furniture in living room was the RC radio

          They had radios.  In the boom of the 1920s, people rushed to buy radios, and business and social structures adapted to the new medium. Universities began to offer radio-based courses; churches began broadcasting their services; newspapers created tie-ins with radio broadcasts. By 1922 there were 576 licensed radio broadcasters and the publication Radio Broadcast was launched, breathlessly announcing that in

the age of radio,government will be a living thing to its citizens instead of an abstract and unseen force.”

               People could have record players: 

3 gramophones

In 1895, the first record player was mass produced. It was incredibly popular until the introduction of radio.  While the introduction of radio didn’t exactly make the record player obsolete, it did take away the spotlight for a period of several years.

                             1923 Swim relay team

Women's One Piece swimming suits began to be worn.

In 1923 Nazi party activists led a revolt and tried to seize power in Munich,Germany but failed. Hitler was imprisoned, during which time he wrote his venomous book Mein Kampf (My Struggle), in which he expressed his ideas about racial theory and Nazi global dominion. In the book, a mix of personal experience and political ideology, he outlined his strategy. A bestseller after he became chancellor in 1933, it had by 1945 sold 12 million copies and been translated into 18 languages.  Hitler realized that he must employ legitimate democratic means in his struggle to seize power. However, he and his associates left no doubt about their belief in democratic freedoms as mere tools with which power might be attained. After his release Hitler reorganized the party.

By the time the immigration from Eastern Europe halted in 1924 in the USA, through the government decision,  Portland, Oregon Jews worked mostly as merchants and storekeepers or in family networks. Although Portland Jews faced discriminatory practices in country clubs and certain residential areas, for the most part acceptance came easily. Following World War II, as shifts in economic mobility provided more occupational choices, Jews gained access to the middle class and positions in the non-Jewish world in professions such as doctors, lawyers, and upper level managers.


Betty Scholem on Anti-Semitism in Berlin (November 20, 1923)

In the crisis-ridden years after World War I, anti-Semitic attacks were carried out in many cities in Germany. During the period of hyperinflation, some of these attacks escalated into pogrom-like riots. Violence erupted, for example, in Beuthen (Upper Silesia) in October 1923 and in the Scheunenviertel district of Berlin, which was inhabited mainly by Eastern European Jews, in November 1923. The rioting in the Scheunenviertel was triggered by rumors that Eastern European Jews had deliberately bought up the emergency currency being issued by the city as unemployment assistance, with the result that it could no longer be paid out. Thousands of the unemployed entered the quarter, rioting, beating up local residents and passers-by, and looting shops and apartments. One of the charges leveled against the police was that they intervened too late.

1923 in Palestine:  

Series of Tornadoes strike Iowa and Nebraska killing 20.

Electric Sewing Machine With Electric Motor

Electric Sewing Machine

Price: $78.95

The electric sewing machine shown here is identical to a pedal machine sold the same year except the electric motor is included at a cost of about $35.00, the better Sewing machines were well made of mahogany.

United States - Meyer vs. Nebraska

1. The United States Supreme Court decides the case of Meyer vs. the State of Nebraska during June of 1923. 2. In 1919 , the state of Nebraska passed the Siman Act which restricted the use of foreign languages and the study of foreign languages in schools, it was largely a reaction to anti-German sentiment following World War I.  3. Educator Robert T. Meyer was prosecuted under the act for teaching German in a Lutheran school.  4. His defense argued that the law violated the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment in that it restricted an individual’s liberty.  5. The Court sided with Meyer in a 7 to 2 decision, stating that the state’s law was unconstitutional.      

 The Republic of Turkey was created on October 29th After World War I, the Allies and Ottoman Empire agreed to the Treaty of Sevres in 1920. The Turkish National Movement was angered by the terms of the first treaty which created partitions and gave territory to the Allies. The Turkish War of Independence began but ended in July with the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne. The treaty dissolved the Ottoman Empire and created new borders for the country. In October, the Republic of Turkey was established under the first president Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and the capital was moved to Ankara.

1923's Year In History including Major World Events include Mount Etna eruption, Great Kanto earthquake that devastated Tokyo and Yokohama, Insulin being introduced for treatment of Diabetes, and in Popular Culture Movies included The Ten Commandments and Hunchback of Notre Dame as well as  the First baseball game was played on April 18 at Yankee Stadium.

 In Technology , The worlds first domestic refrigerator was sold in Sweden. Up until then people had an ice-box. My grandfather's job was as the ice-man for those ice-boxes in Iowa.

Other things that happened were;

  1. Egypt --- King Tut Burial Chamber Opened
  2. Warner Brothers Established
  3. First Issue of Time Magazine
  4. Canada --- Insulin Used For Diabetes treatment
The Irish Civil War comes to an end in May of 1923. It began during June of 1922. The conflict was fought between the Irish Nationalists and the Irish Republicans. The war erupted over the Anglo-Irish Treaty which established the Irish Free State. Pro-Treaty nationalists were backed by the United Kingdom who wanted Northern Ireland to remain linked to the United Kingdom. The civil war ended with the Pro-Treaty forces claiming victory in the end.
                           Chiang Kai-shek b:1887-d: 1975
China in 1923:  In 1923, Sun and Soviet representative Adolph Joffe (was a Russian revolutionary, a Bolshevik politician and a Soviet diplomat of Karaite descent- a segment of Judaism.) in Shanghai pledged Soviet assistance to China's unification in the Sun–Joffe Manifesto, a declaration of cooperation among the Comintern, KMT, and CCP. Comintern agent Mikhail Borodin arrived in 1923 to aid in the reorganization and consolidation of both the CCP and the KMT along the lines of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CCP, which was initially a study group, and the KMT jointly formed the First United Front.

In 1923, Sun sent Chiang Kai-shek, one of his lieutenants, for several months of military and political study in Moscow. Chiang then became the head of the Whampoa Military Academy that trained the next generation of military leaders.                        

                                   Stalin  b: 1878 d: 1953

Russia In 1923:Incumbents[edit]

Food in USA in Twenties:  You might see baked pork chops or meatloaf or roast chicken, bread or muffins and a vegetable or salad, plus, if you were lucky, cake or pie. You would probably drink fresh milk or water, or perhaps tea or coffee, with your meal.
Eggs:  $0.13 per dozen
Charlene on right with grey hair, looking at basket of chocolate just for her !!!  It's her 100th birthday!!!  Just think, she was born back in 1923.  
 The United Nations in 2012 estimated that there were 316,600 living centenarians worldwide.   If you live to be 100 you are a centarian. 
She's full of life and 100 years old! Meet a formidable Texas woman who shares her secret for the fountain. Charlene Kimball from Silverado Cypresswood gives us a sneak peak at the fountain of youth--Chocolate!

Resource:
Updated 3/15/23

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