Nadene Goldfoot
In about 1948 BCE, Abram- Abraham, son of Terah, on the walk from Ur of the Chaldees to Canaan with his family will make a pit stop at Haran. Abraham is considered to be the biblical patriarch of the Jewish people, for our history started here with this first of monotheism. Most agree that he lived at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE. Descendants of Abram-Abraham Fathers were usually noted with a person for identification as first names were limited and needed clarification.
1 [3] Abram-Abraham b: 1948BCE in Ur of the Chaldees in 2nd millennium d: in Hebron
.. +Sarai-Sarah b: in Ur of Chaldees d: in Kiriath-Arba Hebron, Canaan m: in Haran m: in Haran
2 Isaac b: 2048 BCE in Negev ....
+Rebekah bat Bethuel b: in Aram
... 3 [1] Jacob-Israel b: 1900 BCE d: in Goshen, E. Egypt age 147
....... +Leah b: in Aram m: in Haran m: in Haran
Roman destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE.In Jewish history, a man is identified by his father. During most of the history, people did not use surnames. They were Joshua son of David...Keeping genealogies was as important as having a resume and documents like passports. Families kept their genealogy, whether oral or finally written.
I started wondering. Jesus, who is the source of creating Christianity, and is even part of the story of Islam, had a father named Joseph, and was a carpenter. Jesus also worked in carpentry. His mother was Mary.
"Joseph isn’t mentioned in any of the stories of Jesus’ adult ministry, while Mary His mother occasionally is (Mark 3:31; John 2:1; 19:25). The absence of Joseph in the stories of Jesus’ ministry has led many to believe that Joseph died sometime between when Jesus was a young boy (Luke 2:42) and when He launched His public ministry as an adult (Luke 3:23). The fact that Jesus, as He was dying, committed the care of His mother to John gives strong indication that Joseph had indeed passed away by that time (John 19:26–27). His mother was mentioned quite often.
Although the Bible does not give many specifics about who Joseph was as a person—and the Bible records no actual words that Joseph spoke. He tried to follow the law of the land by traveling with a pregnant wife about to give birth to pay taxes. In those days there were no excuses. Today's Nazareth. Both of the gospels which describe the nativity of Jesus agree that he was born in Bethlehem and then later moved with his family to live in Nazareth". However, Bond makes the case Jesus died around Passover, between A.D. 29 and 34. Considering Jesus' varying chronology, he was 33 to 40 years old at his time of death. So Jesus-Joshua could have been born about 11 BCE in Bethlehem.
David, youngest son of Jesse, king of Israel from 1,000 BCE to 960 BCE born in Bethlehem, was a youth of 25 when selected to be arms bearer for King Saul. Bethlehem is 5.25miles south of Jerusalem. It's the birthplace of King David and is the background city of the Book of Ruth. Roman emperor, Constantine and his mother Helena built the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem in 330 CE. Constantine became a Christian after his mother had converted.
My Jewish friends and relatives may wonder why I am wondering about the family of Jesus. Well, it's because of the reputation we have because of history written about Jesus and his family by the gospel writers that have damned us so badly, one of the first anti-semitism in writing.
Jesus, which is a Greek name for Joshua, according to Jewish history, died in 29 CE, Joshua being a common name though other Jesus's existed . There are no independent Jewish sources for the life of Jesus of Nazareth. Since a Greek name is used for instead of Joshua, it implies to me that this was a history when Greek influence of Hellenization was still active even though it was a time of Roman occupation in Jerusalem and had been going on for a long time already. To name a child Jesus and not Joshua shows me that they were Hellenized Jews using the preferred Greek name.
Jewish life in both Judea and the diaspora was influenced by the culture and language of Hellenism. The Greeks viewed Jewish culture favorably, while Hellenism gained adherents among the Jews. While Hellenism has sometimes been presented (under the influence of 2 Maccabees, itself notably a work in Koine Greek) as a threat of assimilation diametrically opposed to Jewish tradition. The Roman Latin translation is Jeshua. proper name, biblical successor of Moses as leader of the Israelites, from Late Latin Jeshua, Joshua, a transliteration of Hebrew Yehoshua, literally "the Lord is salvation." In the top 10 list of names for boys in the U.S. since 1979.
The main phase of the Maccabean revolt lasted from 167–160 BCE and ended with the Seleucids in control of Judea, but conflict between the Maccabees, Hellenized Jews, and the Seleucids continued until 134 BCE, with the Maccabees eventually attaining independence, with Hellenization leaving its mark on many of the Jews.
In 63 BCE the Roman General Pompey fought against the Jewish Hasmoneans (remember Chanukah?) and also John Hyrcanus, son of Simon the Hasmonean who ruled from 135-104 BCE and Aristobulus I who reigned from 104 to 103 BCE, who was also the high priest and possibly 1st king of occupied Judea, the eldest son of John Hyrcanus to occupy Jerusalem. The city went through much travail, being captured by the Parthians, in 40 BCE, it fell, following a long siege...to Herod in 37 BCE who ruled it as a Roman vassal until his death in 4 BCE. Herod had been a mad king of Judea and was son of Antipater, the Idumean by his Nabatean wife, Cypros. So Herod was not originally a Judean but half Idumean and half Nabatean and appointed by the Romans! The problem was the Judea was then in the hands of the Romans who ruled the land. He was not a king from the hereditary kings of Israel or Judah.
He was appointed governor of the Galilee by his father, showing a strong hand by executing dissidents. It was so bad that he was summoned by the Jewish Sanhedrin and only saved from death by the intervention of Hyrcanus and Sextus Caesar, governor of Syria. Besides being bloodthirsty, he loved to build. He built a palace in the NW quarter of the city and had towers protecting it. One was called the Tower of David. He also rebuilt the Temple and erected walls around it of which we see part called the Western Wall or Wailing Wall, the only place Jews are allowed to pray for the area is ruled by Jordan's religious police because of the good intentions of Moshe Dayan in 1967 when we won a battle they helped to start.
It was after Herod's death when all Hell broke loose in the land. The deposition of his son and successor went to Archelaus in 6CE and the city was ruled by Roman Procurators, except for the brief reign of Agrippa I from 41 to 44 CE who began to build a 3rd Wall to the North.
During the rule of one of these procurators, Pontius Pilate, Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem in 29 CE. This was a death used by Romans for the littlest of crimes, and mostly Jews were the victims being the soldiers were in their lands. When in Jerusalem, the procurators resided in Herod's palace. After all, they were the governors of Judea under the Roman emperors of the day. Pontius Pilate, Latin in full Marcus Pontius Pilatus, (died after 36 ce), Roman prefect (governor) of Judaea (26–36 ce) under the emperor Tiberius who presided at the trial of Jesus and gave the order for his crucifixion. Tiberias reigned from 14 to 37 CE. Early on in 19 CE he expelled the Jews from Rome because of fraud on a Roman lady sympathetic to Judaism. 4,000 young Jewish men were sent to Sardinia to fight the brigands. All of Palestine (that's what the Romans had renamed Judea and Israel) was harshly administered under Tiberius's rule with the crucification going on of Jesus and other Jews.
In the end, the Jews couldn't take the Roman rules anymore and revolted in 66 CE. This was a big revolt. The people had independence for 3 years! Titus led the Romans in again and Jerusalem fell to him despite heroic resistance in 70 CE. The Temple and most of the buildings were destroyed and a Roman garrison encamped on its ruins.
Sixty-two years later, General Bar Kochba of the Jewish army's descendant tried again to regain Jerusalem with more men with him in 132 and held the city until 135 when he was killed in battle.
We had to wait until the year 1948 CE, for Israel to be re-birthed. A new century, a new time, and new leaders and still Judaism existed for 2018 years more since 70 CE. We've had new commentators since then, and see with new eyes and new understandings from the older days along with shocking new events like the Holocaust that killed 6 million Jews. Our religion lives and so does our people.
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