Nadene Goldfoot
1934 means a lot to me because that's when I was born in the USA, but in Germany, there was a campaign going on to create "Jew-free"villages, and I'm Jewish. In February Stormtroopers (started in 1921) entered the village Arnswalde in Pomerania and they threw stones at all the Jewish homes, shops and meeting halls. They broke into the synagogue, the house of the rabbi and destroyed furnishings, tore up and trampled on the Torah and put out the Eternal Lamp, like the lamp in our history that was out and needed runners to go to the next town to bring back more oil and it had burned for 8 days with a drop of oil while waiting-a miracle, our Chanukah story. All night long they attacked other Jewish homes and beat up any Jew outside their home. The Jews all left that next morning, and the German children went into these homes and helped themselves to toothpaste, soap and sponges found in the wreckage, of a Jewish chemist's shop while adults watched them.
Palm Sunday came a month later: Stormtroops marched into Gunzenhausen which housed 19 Jewish families who were dragged outside. The leader, Kurt Baer, caught a woman and dragged her by her hair. They beat up the Jews all night long, and whipped and cursed them so bad that 2 died by the next morning; a 75 year old man, Rosenfelder had his chest torn open with knife wounds, and a 30 year old man, Rosenau, was found hung on a garden fence.
Finally, on May 1, 1934, the Nazi Germany's semi-official and fiercely antisemitic newspaper Der Stürmer warned of a Jewish program for world domination in this 1934 issue of the.newspaper. Der Sturmer, wrote about this in this 14 page issue, but it took the side of the stormtroopers by reviving the medieval "blood libel" accusation against the Jews of using Christian blood in the baking of their Passover bread, and in other "Judaic" rituals.
It was so popular that they printed 130,000 copies and sold them, and found on public noticeboards,, reproduced showing 4 rabbis sucking the blood of a Christian child through straws. Even in those days they could photoshop pictures somehow. Another picture was of Jesus drinking Christian blood in the Communion ceremony. That went too far, so Hitler ordered the issue banned because it was an attack on Christ.
Even in a photograph clearly showing two Jewish girls, we do not know anything other than that the Gestapo deported them to Kowno with the same transport depicted in the image showing Munich Jews being deported The nearly 1,000 deportees from Munich were shot soon after they arrived at their destination in Nazi-occupied Lithuania.
The Jews had no idea the Holocaust officially will start in 1939 and not end till 1945. I would have been 5 years old at the whistle-blowing start.
From Home to an Unknown Fate: The Deportation of the Jews of Wurzburg: By the end of 1941, World War II had entered its third year. Germany advanced from one conquest to the next; they controlled almost all of Europe, from the outskirts of Moscow to the Pyrenees Mountains on the Spanish border. For the.. leaders of the Nazi regime, it was the opportune moment to eliminate the remaining Jews from Germany. The two thousand Jews of the small city of Würzburg in southern Germany, located between Frankfurt and Nuremberg, were among the first to be deported..
Yet the village cleansing went on. By May 26th, a German newspaper wrote how at Hersbruck in Franconia, Streicher's province, "on Thursday at 5pm, the swastika flag was hoisted on the property of the last Jew to leave Hersbruck, now purged of Jews. Other districts "will soon follow suit and that the day is not now far off when the whole of Franconia will be rid of Jews, just as one day there will no longer be one single Jew throughout the whole of Germany.
June 3rd, and the people of that famous town of Worms celebrated the 900th anniversary of the foundation of its Old Synagogue. According to legend in Roman days, the Jews of Worms declined to take part in the Sanhedrin elections in Jerusalem, claiming to have built their own "new" Jerusalem on the banks of the Rhine. Now the Jews of Worms had to decide to ride out the storm or to leave Germany. People had started leaving in 1933, with 62 going to France, 43 for Palestine, and 32 for Poland. So, in 1934, 29 left for the USA, 26 to Palestine. By the end of 1934, 264 Jews had left-meaning almost 1/4 of the population of Worms were gone. In court at Nuremberg on 14 June, a gentile wife of a Jewish man was put in prison for 4 months for"race-defiling."
A Courtroom was a scary place. On July 15th, 1934, Kurt Baer shot dead 2 Jews, Simon Straus and his son who had given evidence against him after he had been accused of killing of the 2 other Jews in Gunzenhausen in March. The court said the 2 had committed suicide. Baer was only found guilty of "a breach of the peace."
The 1934 Constantine riots were an incident of antisemitic violence in the Algerian city of Constantine, targeting the local Jewish population. A mob of around 300 local Algerians attacked the Jewish quarter and targeted Jewish businesses and homes over a period of several hours, with the violence spreading to nearby towns. The French colonial authorities did little to rein in the violence.
It is uncertain what the exact cause of the riots was, but various accounts suggest that the riots were triggered by an altercation between a Jewish man and some Muslims at the Sidi Lakhdar Mosque in Constantine. Multiple sources report that 25 Jews and 3 Muslims died over the course of the three-day riot, and several Jewish establishments were pillaged. The events have been described as a pogrom.
Nazis started broadcasting their hatred to the Arab world using Radio-Berlin and Radioi-Stuttgart. This caused on August 3, 1934 the beginning of 3 days of anti-Jewish riots in Constantine, Algeria. In it, 23 Jews were killed and 38 wounded. German refugees going to Palestine could not be halted by riots they knew nothing about. In 1934, 6,941 German Jews were admitted to Palestine.
By the end of 1934, only 50,000 German Jews had left Germany. 450,000 still stayed in in Germany. The feeling was that the anti-Jewish excesses would pass; but they didn't. They were followed by a newer Jewish policy, embodying moderate restrictions and disabilities. There were even cases of a few Jews returning to Germany who were "unable to adjust themselves abroad, so they didn't help the escape from the worst.
By the end of 1935, hopes of Jews that this anti-Semitism would pass seemed to be happening. But shops were just being discreet in telling Jews they wouldn't be serving them, like a note in their teacup telling them so in one.
Jews who had been interned in Dachau in 1933 found less there in 1935. 13 Jews had did there in 1933. One, Erich Gans, was killed there in on July 1,1934. But the lull was over by March 1, 1935. A plebiscite (the direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question such as a change in the constitution) in the League of Nations) .
The Saar (or Saarland) was a heavily industrialized, coal-rich territory on the German-French border, historically detached from Germany twice as a separate entity under international or French control after both World Wars. It served as a League of Nations mandate (1920–1935) and now a part of Hitler's Germany. 5,000 Jews chose French or Belgian citizenship. In Germany, 20,000 Jews left their homes seeking sanctuary in Berlin. On June 14, 1935, Otto Hirsch and Max Kreutzber ger in New York needed financial help others in getting out of Germany was told that no campaigning would happen in 1936. On July 15 there were anti- Jewish riots in Berlin and a few Jews were beaten. 12 days latear an article read, "Finish up with the Jews". It went on to warn German girls of Jewish men, both dating, marrying or buying from makes you a betrayer of your German Volk and its Fuhrer, Adolf Hitler, and you would be committing a sin.
Resource:
The Holocaust by Martin Gilbert
No comments:
Post a Comment