Nadene Goldfoot
Several kings ruled ancient Syria, particularly during the periods of the Aramean kingdom of Damascus and the Seleucid Empire.
Hadad was the chief god of the ancient Semitic pantheon, often regarded as the god of justice and augury. He was especially the patron of rain and thunder. He is sometimes identified with Baal, but it is thought that Hadad was his main name and Baal a title denoting lordship of the world. It's the name of several kings of Edom (Idumea), a country in SE Palestine, also called Mt Seir. The land was fertile. Edomites were of Semitic origin, traditionally descendants of Esau, twin son of Isaac, elder twin of Jacob; became patriarch of Arabs, and lived by hunting.
Notable Aramean kings include Hezion, Tabrimmon, Ben-Hadad I, Ben-Hadad II, Hazael, and Ben-Hadad III.
Aramean Kings of Damascus:
Hiram I, the Phoenician king of Tyre, is known for his alliance and cooperation with the Israelite kings David and Solomon, particularly in the construction of the Temple in Jerusalem. He was the son of Abibaal, and his reign is estimated to have been from 980 to 947 BC according to Wikipedia. Hiram also appears in Masonic lore as Hiram Abiff, a skilled craftsman involved in the Temple's construction. 
Hiram I, king of Tyre who gave cedar trees to king Solomon for the Temple Kings 9:11-14 King Solomon gave twenty towns in the land of Galilee to Hiram king of Tyre, who had supplied him with cedar and cypress logs and gold for his every desire. / So Hiram went out from Tyre to inspect the towns that Solomon had given him, but he was not pleased with them. / “What are these towns you have given me, my brother?” asked Hiram, and he called them the Land of Cabul, as they are called to this day. .He was a friend and ally of both King David and King Solomon, and his kingdom provided valuable resources and skilled craftsmen for the construction of the Temple. Tyre was in modern-day Lebanon when its king, Hiram I, provided cedar trees to King Solomon of Israel. The cedars of Lebanon were a key resource for building the temple in Jerusalem, and Hiram, who controlled the area of Sidon, where the cedar forests were located, supplied the timber. Based on historical and biblical accounts, Sidon was a major Phoenician city located on the coast of modern-day Lebanon during King Solomon's reign. While the region of Phoenicia (where Sidon is located) included areas that are now part of Syria and northern Israel, Sidon itself was a prominent city-state along the Lebanese coast. Sidon, now in Lebanon, and was regarded as the capital of the Phoenicians who are termed Sidonians in the Bible and in Homeric verse. The city is mentioned in the Tel of Amarna letters. 
Jezebel was of Sidonian origin and introduced its Baal cult into Israel. Sidon, occupied by Assyrians, subject to Persia, captured by Alexander the Great.
- According to the Bible, David married Maacah, the daughter of Talmai, who was the king of Geshur in Syria. Geshur was a small Aramean (Syrian) kingdom located north of Bashan, between Israel and Aram. Maacah was the mother of Absalom and Tamar, David's daughter.After killing his half-brother Amnon, Absalom fled to Geshur and stayed with his grandfather, Talmai, for three years, according to the Bible.Therefore, Talmai's reign would have spanned at least a portion of David's reign, around the mid-to-late 11th and early 10th centuries BCE. However, the exact start and end dates of Talmai's reign are not explicitly stated in the biblical text.
- The Aramean king, Rezon, declared his independence during the time of Solomon. Rezon the Syrian, also named "Ezron", was an enemy of King Solomon mentioned in 1 Kings 11. Some 19th-century scholars considered Rezon to be the throne name of King Hezion. He is known only from the Hebrew Bible. King Solomon was born in 961 BCE and died in 920 BCE.
- Hezion: Ruled in the 10th century BC, The passage in 1 Kings refers to King Asa of Judah (915-875 BCE) , who is dated by several scholars to not later than 866 BCE. In the 19th century many scholars equated him with Rezon the Syrian, an enemy of Solomon. 1 Kings 9:27 And Hiram sent his servants, sailors who knew the sea, to serve in the fleet with Solomon’s servants. 1 Kings 10:29 A chariot could be imported from Egypt for six hundred shekels of silver, and a horse for a hundred and fifty. Likewise, they exported them to all the kings of the Hittites and to the kings of Aram [Syria].
- Tabrimmon: Ruled in the late 10th century BC, father of Ben-Hadad I.Tabrimmon is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, specifically in 1 Kings 15:18-19.This passage describes King Asa of Judah sending messengers to Ben-Hadad son of Tabrimmon, the son of Hezion, seeking an alliance against King Baasha of Israel. (911-888 BCE) The biblical reference highlights Tabrimmon's position within the Aramean royal lineage and the historical context of political alliances and conflicts during the reigns of Asa and Baasha. Tabrimmon's name is of Aramaic origin, and it means "good is Rimmon," with Rimmon being a Syrian deity.
- Ben-Hadad I: Ruled around the early 9th century BC, known for conflicts with Israel. was king of Aram-Damascus between 885 BCE and 865 BCE. Ben-Hadad I was reportedly a contemporary of kings Baasha of the Kingdom of Israel and Asa of the Kingdom of Judah.
According to the biblical book of Kings, Asa called on Ben-Hadad I to aid him in attacking northern Israel while Baasha restricted access to Jerusalem through border fortifications. - Ben-Hadad II (Hadadezer): Ruled around the mid-9th century BC, involved in conflicts with Israel and mentioned in Assyrian records. Hadadezer; also known as Adad-Idri, and possibly the same as Bar- or Ben-Hadad II, was the king of Aram-Damascus between 865 and 842 BC. The Hebrew Bible states that Hadadezer engaged in a war against king Ahab of the Kingdom of Israel, but was defeated and captured by him.
- Hazael: Ruled around 842–800 BC, a possible usurper, known for his conflicts with both Israel and Assyria. Under his reign, Aram-Damascus became an empire that ruled over large parts of contemporary Syria and Israel-Samaria.
- Ben-Hadad III: Ruled in the late 8th century BC, son of Hazael.Relationship with Israel: During the reign of his father, Hazael, Israel was subjected to Aram-Damascus. However, under Ben-Hadad III, Israel, led by King Jehoash, regained territories and achieved several victories over Aram. This period marked a decline in Aram's power as Israel regained its strength. He is mentioned in the biblical books of 2 Kings and in extra-biblical sources like the Zakkur Stela and an inscription from the Assyrian king Adad-nirari III.
Later, the Seleucid dynasty, founded by Seleucus I Nicator, controlled Syria after the conquests of Alexander the Great.
Seleucid Kings: 
- Seleucus I Nicator: Founder of the Seleucid dynasty, ruled from 305–281 BC.Seleucus I He was one of Alexander the Great's generals who carved out a large kingdom from Alexander's empire after his death. The Seleucid Empire, under Seleucus and his successors, became one of the major Hellenistic powers in the Near East for over two centuries.
- Antiochus I Soter: Ruled from 281–261 BC.He is known for consolidating the empire, founding numerous cities, and expanding trade routes. He also faced challenges including revolts and wars, but earned the title "Soter" (Saviour) after defeating the Gauls in Asia Minor.
- Antiochus II Theos: Ruled from 261–246 BC., . He was the third king of the dynasty and the son of Antiochus I Soter. His reign was marked by the Second Syrian War against Ptolemy II of Egypt, as well as internal struggles and political maneuvering
- Seleucus II Callinicus: Ruled from 246–225 BC.Seleucus II Callinicus, also known as "Gloriously Victorious," His reign was marked by conflict and internal strife, including the Third Syrian War against Ptolemy III of Egypt, and the War of the Brothers against his own brother, Antiochus Hierax.
- Antiochus IV Epiphanes: Ruled from 175–164 BC. He is a significant figure in Jewish history due to his aggressive Hellenization policies and persecution of the Jewish people, which ultimately led to the Maccabean Revolt.
- Antiochus V Eupator: Ruled from 164–162 BC. He ascended to the throne at a young age (possibly nine or twelve) after the death of his father, Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Due to his youth, the kingdom was governed by a regent, Lysias, who was a general under Antiochus IV. His reign was marked by internal power struggles and conflict with the Maccabees in Judea. He was eventually overthrown and killed by Demetrius I.
- Demetrius I Soter: Ruled from 162–150 BC. He was known for consolidating power after escaping Rome, where he had been held hostage. He faced rebellions, including one led by Timarchus, and conflicts with the Maccabean Jews and neighboring kingdoms. Ultimately, he was defeated and killed in battle by Alexander Balas in 150 BC.
Other Notable Rulers:
King Faisal I was declared King of Syria on March 8, 1920. Before his reign, the region was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire for roughly four centuries, beginning in 1516. In 1918, after Ottoman forces were defeated and withdrew at the end of World War I, Prince Faisal (later King Faisal I) entered Damascus. He established an Arab-led military administration called the Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (OETA) East. He led a successful campaign against the Turks with help from T.E. Lawrence. This period marked a short interregnum in Syria before Faisal became King.
After moving Feisal, the French mandate period saw various attempts to establish a Syrian government, but no new monarch was ever installed.
- Adad-Nirari of Nuhašše: A king of the Syrian region of Nuhašše.Adad-Nirari or Addu-Nirari was a king of Nuhašše in the 14th century BC. The Land of Nuḫašše was located southeast of Aleppo and north of Qatna. Originally part of the Mitanni Empire, Adad-Nirari engaged in a military struggle against the invading Hittite king Šuppiluliuma I, asking Egypt for help.
- Kings of Assyria who exerted control over parts of Syria.
- Shamshi-Adad II,or Šamši-Adad II, inscribed Šam-ši-ᵈIM, was an Old Assyrian king who ruled in the mid-second millennium BC, c. 1585–1580 BC. His reign falls within the "dark age" period of Assyrian history from which written records are scarce.
- Ishme-Dagan II, or Išme-Dagān II, inscribed ᵐiš-me ᵈda-gan and meaning “ Dagan has heard, ” was a rather obscure ruler of Assyria, sometime during the first half of the 16th century BC in the midst of a dark age, ..
- Shamshi-Adad III was the King of Assyria from c. 1563 BC to 1548 BC. He was the son of Ishme-Dagan II. He is known from an inscription where he reports having repaired two of the ziggurats ...
- Ashur-nirari I, Aššur-nārāri I, inscribed m aš-šur-ERIM.GABA, "Aššur is my help," was an Old Assyrian king who ruled for 26 years during the mid-second millennium BC
- Puzur-Ashur III: was the king of Assyria from c. 1521 BC to 1498 BC. According to the Assyrian King List, he was the son and successor of Ashur-nirari I and ruled for 24 years (or 14 years, according to another copy). He is also the first Assyrian king to appear in the synchronistic history, where he is described as a contemporary of Burnaburiash of Babylon.
Resource:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator#:~:text=Seleucus%20further%
20made%20claim%20to,of%20Ipsus%20in%20301%20BC.
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