Nadene Goldfoot
"The geographic origins of the 14 different
"The data revealed that 14 different haplogroups representing 14 different geographic origins were present in the 50 ethnic groups used in this study (Table 3), confirming multiple lines of ancestry and geographic origins. Every ethnic group had members that belonged to more than one haplogroup, indicating that they had different lines of ancestors. There was no ethnic group in these analyses that could trace the genetic ancestry of all its members to a single MRCA. For example, members of the large Brahmin ethnic group belonged to 11 different haplogroups, indicating 11 different lines of
ancestors. Similarly, the Malayali and Nair groups had members in 10 different haplogroups, indicating at least 10 different ancestral lines."
The 14 were: C,E, F, G, H, I J, K, L, O, P, Q, R and T. Letters I've highlighted are known Jewish ones of the male line. My father is a QBZ67 (Q-M378). Others in my family are E-L117(E1b), J1e, and (R-M269)(R-L21) . E and J have been the most prevalent that I've noticed.
TABLE 4. Ancient geographic origins of 14 Y-chromosome haplogroups
Jews' history shows that we came from one source, the history before and after Moses, following his line of male ancestors. The results of his brother, Aaron's line shows the haplogroup of J1 being the Cohen line. Other Jewish haplogroups fall under variations of J, such as J1, J2, and G, Q, R, E, I, and T. That's 7 out of the basic 14 mentioned. These are found in the era after the Holocaust where 6 million Jews were slaughtered, and some of them could have been carrying a different haplogroup, but we'll never know unless they left a descendant who has been tested today such as my 1st cousin. However, in our case, the father died and left only daughters, and daughters do not carry the male haplogroups. Sons carry both the male and female haplogroups. He was a Jew from Germany, a long line probably going back to RASHI in 1000-1040 CE. There are many of us who claim to have genealogy to Rashi, and we may come from a variety of haplogroups.
R-M269 is a most interesting Haplogroup. It is the sub-clade of human Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b that is defined by the SNP marker M269. According to ISOGG 2020 it is phylogenetically classified as R1b1a1b. It underwent intensive research and was previously classified as R1b1a2 (2003 to 2005), R1b1c (2005 to 2008), R1b1b2 (2008 to 2011) and R1b1a1a2 (2011 to 2020).R-M269 is of particular interest for the genetic history of Western Europe, being the most common European haplogroup. It increases in frequency on an east to west gradient (its prevalence in Poland estimated at 22.7%, compared to Wales at 92.3%). It is carried by approximately 110 million European men (2010 estimate). The age of the mutation M269 is estimated at 4,000 to 10,000 years ago. I believe even King Tut was found with this haplogroup. It's carried by Gentiles of Europe and some Jews as well. They discovered that King Tut had a DNA profile that belongs to a group called haplogroup R1b1a2.
We are a religious group originating from a family, and were kept from proselytizing to others, so it's mostly genetically-based with a few exceptions. Jews have been suffering from anti-Semitism for almost their total length of existence, and have become an endogamous people. One person I've heard of has wanted to be a part of this group and that was Sammy Davis, Jr. A few women have entered Judaism through conversion, marrying a Jewish man.
What happens is that we may have proof of a family being a branch from, let's say, King David, but not all the descendants carry segments from any of his 22 chromosomes or even the 23rd, the sex determiner chromosome. So some of the siblings may have the gene inheritance and some don't. Siblings in a family may not look alike, or act alike. They may have different interests and outlooks in life. That's because their parents have passed onto them a variety of their segments from many different ancestors.
My father's DNA group of Qs had a leader at one time who made a survey and found its Q members held a lot of writers. They even included me, a female since I had published. That seems to be one of our talents. I was astonished at how many, mostly all had published, including my own brother.
Albert Einstein is alleged to belong to Y Haplogroup E. Tested Einsteins from Germany belong to E1b1b1b2* (cluster SNP PF1952, formerly known as the E-Z830-B or "Jewish cluster").
Einstein had a daughter and two sons. Albert's three children were from his relationship with his first wife, Mileva Marić, his daughter Lieserl being born a year before they married. He had one grandson and 4 great grandsons and 1 great granddaughter.
The Einstein family is the family of physicist Albert Einstein (1879–1955). Einstein's great-great-great-great-grandfather, Jakob Weil, was his oldest recorded relative, born in the late 17th century, and the family continues to this day. Albert Einstein's great-great-grandfather, Löb Moses Sontheimer (1745–1831), was also the grandfather of the tenor Heinrich Sontheim (1820–1912) of Stuttgart.
Albert Einstein's second wife was Elsa Einstein, whose mother Fanny Koch was the sister of Albert's mother, and whose father, Rudolf Einstein, was the son of Raphael Einstein, a brother of Albert's paternal grandfather. Albert and Elsa were thus first cousins through their mothers and second cousins through their fathers. No children were from this marriage.
As a Jewish group, we seem to still be pretty intelligent people, and very creative as we examine the talents in Israel. They are always coming up with new ideas. The Nazis tried to brainwash people into thinking we were the scum of the earth, but who has merited and holds Nobel Prizes in many fields? Jewish people. Nobel Prizes have been awarded to over 900 individuals, of whom at least 20% were Jews." That's pretty good, considering we Jews make up only 0.02% of the world population."Jewish laureates Elie Wiesel and Imre Kertész survived the extermination camps during the Holocaust. François Englert survived by being hidden in orphanages and children's homes. Others, such as Walter Kohn, Otto Stern, Albert Einstein, Hans Krebs and Martin Karplus fled Nazi Germany to avoid persecution."There were many male Jewish immigrants who were most intelligent but couldn't get into Medical schools in the States because of the quota system; of only a certain % of Jews being allowed in them. The country's loss was hopefully the student's gain as they had to enter other areas, hopefully related to medicine.
That's because for a long time in Shtetles, a man was looked upon as good husband material if he was active in the synagogue, reading Hebrew from the pulpit, etc., something all men who had had a bar-mitzvah at age 13 were expected to do, actually. Rabbis were high on the list. Many of us have followed their genealogy to a well-known rabbi. A rabbi was known to have all the answers people in a community were looking for, spiritually, customs of worship, and worldly. Women were attracted to the smarted kid on the block, not the brawniest. It's nice when that comes in one package, though.
I would hope that this standard would be combined sometimes, like, wasn't Bar Kokhba, the general in 132 CE who re-took Jerusalem after 63 years of having lost it to the Romans, romantic material? It's sad, because he died 3 years later. He had to be brainy and brawny. He could have become the idol for many women looking for a mate.
It is believed that the majority of contemporary Jews descended from the ancient Israelites that had lived in the historic land of Israel until ∼2000 years ago which takes us to 1023 CE. Many of the Jewish diaspora communities were separated from each other for hundreds of years. Therefore, some divergence due to genetic drift and/or admixture could be expected. However, although Ashkenazi Jews were found to differ slightly from Sephardic and Kurdish Jews, it is noteworthy that there is, overall, a high degree of genetic affinity among the three Jewish communities. Moreover, neither Ashkenazi nor Sephardic Jews cluster adjacent to their former host populations, a finding that argues against substantial admixture of males. These findings are in accordance with those described by Hammer et al. (2000). In other words, there was no mixing of populations where they lived, no hanky panky going on causing pregnancies.
Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews consolidated into a distinct ethnicity in Germany during the Middle Ages and spread eastwards to Poland and Russia in the 13th century (Ben-Sasson 1976). Previous studies of Y chromosome polymorphisms reported a small European contribution to the Ashkenazi paternal gene pool (Santachiara-Benerecetti et al. 1993; Hammer et al. 2000). In our sample, this low-level gene flow may be reflected in the Eu 19 chromosomes, which are found at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews and which are very frequent in Eastern Europeans (54%–60%; Semino et al. 2000). Alternatively, it is attractive to hypothesize that Ashkenazim with Eu 19 chromosomes represent descendents of the Khazars, originally a Turkic tribe from Central Asia, who settled in southern Russia and eastern Ukraine and converted en masse to Judaism in the ninth century of the present era, as described by Yehuda Ha-Levi in 1140 a.d. (Dunlop 1954).
Sephardic Jews
Iraqi and North African Jews are both considered to belong to the ethnically heterogeneous group of Sephardim, although the two communities were probably separated for 1,000 years.
The Jewish community in Iraq was formed by deportees during the Assyrian and Babylonian exiles (723 and 586 b.c.)
and by waves of immigrants in subsequent centuries. Communities in various North African countries and in the Iberian Peninsula were established primarily in the course of the Muslim conquest in the seventh and eighth centuries. After their expulsion from Spain in 1492 a.d., Jews were dispersed in North Africa and Southern Europe (Ben-Sasson 1976).
The two Sephardic communities and Kurdish Jews are very closely related to each other.
Thus, these populations seem to have preserved, to a large extent, their original Y chromosome pools.
Resource:
https://jewishfactsfromportland.blogspot.com/2010/01/what-haplogroup-we-be.html
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