Nadene Goldfoot
The New York Times wrote on January 25, 2018, about the find of a human jawbone that goes back 50,000 more years than we expected. This human jawbone dates back by carbon testing to be from 177,000 to 194,000 years old, and was found in a cave in Israel.
Why Israel? What makes it so special? Israel was at the crossroads of civilization. Evidently it had always acted as the grand freeway of our past with gas station and diner handy. Israel's frontiers were laid out in the Bible, vetted that far back by Moses. Its total surface is 17,500 sq miles of which 45% is in Transjordan, or Jordan today as it's known. Most of Syria was included. Israel today is much much smaller. The Carmel caves are still in Israel. They are a world Heritage site.
The Mount Carmel Caves are four cave sites that testify to more than 500,000 years of human evolution. They are situated on a cliff in the Mount Carmel range.
“This would be the earliest modern human anyone has found outside of Africa, ever,” said John Hawks, a paleoanthropologist from the University of Wisconsin, Madison who was not involved in the study."
Then this morning, on ILTV out of Tel Aviv, the program told of the love affair between Neanderthals and Homo Sapiens in that a few of us are the results of such a meeting. A lady scientist explained how Neanderthals were in Israel's cavcs long ago and last to leave Africa were a new group of Homo Sapiens who reached the caves and shared what they knew. She announced that some of us with about 2.9% of Neandertal were the evidence of this meeting. I had 2.9% Neandertal as tested by 23%Me several years ago! So I must be able to claim this mixed line in my heritage of DNA, one of the first right out of ISRAEL ! How about that!
- Today %27s Europeans and East Asians owe 1%25 to 2%25 of their DNA to Neanderthals
- A museum in France shows a person back in 80,000 BCE of Paleolithic Era, finding early interbreeding between Neanderthal and Homo Sapien. When modern humans moved out of Africa into Eurasia some 100,000 years ago, they found Neanderthals there to greet them. The two groups may have made war, but they certainly also made love. Today's Europeans and East Asians owe 1% to 2% of their DNA to Neanderthals, but the impact of those additions has been unclear, but such companies as 23&Me must be making inroads.
Now that more customers have tested, I'm listed with only 2%, and I'm rather disappointed except that I still have more Neanderthal DNA than 61% of the other customers, and they are the only ones who test for Neanderthal genes. Because of this fact, I do have a worse sense of direction than other people. That's so true. I do prefer dark chocolate over milk chocolate, but that's because of they hype I read as I feel I rarely eat milk chocolate like in my youth in buying good old Hershey bars. We with more Neanderthal DNA are spread from Western Eurasia from Wales to Southern Siberia and the Altai Mountains. This is so true for me. My maternal grandfather's line came from Wales, he said, and my paternal grandfather's line goes back to the Altai Mountains of Siberia being that male line Q; QBZ67 to be exact. Maybe I inherited mine from both sides of the family.
When you think about it, that evidence comes from such a long time ago, and my autosomal DNA tests go back to my 5th or more cousins, but that's not that many generations ago. I still have 2.9% of my Neanderthal cousins. Oy vey! No doubt to me that this comes from my father's side. As I seem to remember, my son's test came up with the 2.9% as well, so this didn't change. Chances are that his son, who has also tested, is the same as well, so this could go for a long time without lessening.
My own digs into further research on the subject found that "the upper jaw and teeth, found in an Israeli cave and reported in Science on 25 January, pre-date other human fossils from the same region by at least 50,000 years. But scientists say that it is unclear whether the fossils represent a brief incursion or a more-lasting expansion of the species. In other words, this Israeli find shows that Israeli fossils are the oldest modern humans ever found outside of Africa.
It also reminds me of the peoples that Moses and the Exodus had to fight against to get to Canaan after leaving Egypt. Could they had been people who had a way bigger% of Neanderthal ? Or go back even further with Esau wandering off to live with the others, and the others had a reason to be quite different, with a larger % of Neanderthal. This could explain the aggressiveness of others of that distant period that took place only about 6,000-5,000 years ago.
Researchers originally thought that H. sapiens emerged in East Africa 200,000 years ago, then moved out to populate the rest of the world. Until discoveries in the past decade countered that story, scientists thought that a small group left Africa some 60,000 years ago. If so, it would mean that signs of earlier travels, including 80,000–120,000-year-old skulls and other remains from Israel, uncovered in the 1920s and 1930s, were from failed migrations."
"However, recent discoveries have muddied that simple narrative. Some H. sapiens-like fossils from Morocco that are older than 300,000 years, reported last year, have raised the possibility that humans evolved earlier and perhaps elsewhere in Africa. Teeth from southern China, described in 2015, hint at long-distance migrations some 120,000 years ago. And genome studies have sown more confusion, with some comparisons of global populations pointing to just one human migration from Africa, and others suggesting multiple waves."
I have found that "the genes from Neanderthals helped them to adapt quickly to a new diet. Some genes might even have changed the shape of our teeth! Several genes that humans received from Neanderthals also seem to play a role in the immune system, protecting us against certain diseases." When humans received Neanderthal DNA, they also got the genes to fight the new viruses and bacteria."
"So, if you are not African, your DNA contains a dash of Neanderthal genes. These genes stuck around because they were probably beneficial for humans, helping our species survive to the present day. Looking back, it might have been good that our distant ancestors had kids with Neanderthals. And, if you think about it, Neanderthals never went extinct–they live on in the DNA of modern humans.
Evidently pure Africans do not have any % of Neanderthal, then. They had remained in Africa and did not mix in with Neanderthals who were not in Africa. It makes me wonder if Neanderthals didn't originate in a European area, instead. I just read someone's theory about that on academia's website.
Resource:
ILTV out of Tel Aviv; Thursday, 6/17/21
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-01261-5
https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2019.00104
https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2019.00104#:~:text=The%20genes%20from%20Neanderthals%20helped,protecting%20us%20against%20certain%20diseases.
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