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Sunday, July 5, 2020

The Old and the New Ku Klux Klan

Nadene Goldfoot                                           
       
The Ku Klux Klan's name is one to make Blacks and Jews shudder.  It's a nasty name for a nasty group who feel that only people like themselves deserve to live.  They cannot tolerate differences.  You don't have to be in a debate with them;  you don't have to harm them or steal from them, just being different is enough to find yourself in harm's way with them.  In its own phrase, it is the only Gentile White Protestant American-born Organization in the world. 

The Ku Klux Klan commonly called the KKK or the Klan, is an American white supremacist hate group whose primary targets are African Americans as well as Jewsimmigrantsleftists, members of the LGBT community and, until recently, Catholics.                             
Three Ku Klux Klan members arrested in Tishomingo County, Mississippi, September 1871, for the attempted murder of an entire family


The first group of the KKK started in 1865, right after the Civil War ended, and they continued with their nastiness until 1871.   "Six Confederate veterans from Pulaski, Tennessee created the original Ku Klux Klan on December 24, 1865, shortly after the Civil War, during the Reconstruction of the South."  Andrew Johnson, a Democratic Unionist,  was our 17th president then.  The KKK acted out their hatred in the Southern states of the USA.  
                                                      
Three Ku Klux Klan members at a 1922 parade

The KKK rose their ugly head again in a 2nd wave in Georgia in 1915 and raised havoc spreading out into the Midwest and Western USA, acting out until WWII in 1944.  Blacks had also spread out, finding jobs as far as in Portland, Oregon in the shipyards working on building ships for our Navy.  This KKK movement included about 3,000,000 to 6,000,000 and was at its height of popularity from 1924 to 1925.  I note that 1924 is the year the door was closed to Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe.  John Calvin Coolidge, Republican, was the USA's 30th president then from 1923 to 1929, when the stock market crash happened.  
                                                     

A Jew, Leo Frank, was lynched by the KKK in 1915 when 31 years old.  This set off their activities against Jews.  "Leo Max Frank was an American factory superintendent who was convicted in 1913 of the murder of a 13-year-old employee, Mary Phagan, in Atlanta, Georgia. His trial, conviction, and appeals attracted national attention."
He was proved innocent but a mob grabbed him and lynched him anyway because he was a Jew.  By the mid 1920s, the KKK bragged that they had more members than there were Jews in the USA; 4 million members.  

It was a time when Henry Ford blamed Jews for everything that happened he didn't like.   In 1916, Louis D. Brandeis was nominated to serve on the Supreme Court by President Woodrow Wilson, the first Jew.  He had to suffer bitter taunts from fellow judge James C. McReynolds.  Jews were America's scapegoats.  

It opposed Catholic and Jewish immigration in this 2nd stage.  By 1925, when its followers staged a huge Washington, D.C. march, the Klan had as many as 4 million members and, in some states, considerable political power. But a series of sex scandals, internal battles over power and newspaper exposés quickly reduced its influence.

In Germany, a KKK-related group, Ritter des Feurigen Kreuzes ("Knights of the Fiery Cross"), was established in the 1920s. After the Nazis took over Germany, the group disbanded and its members joined the Nazis. 
                                                      
Showing a Crusader in Jerusalem against Arabs and Jews as well
"Movie poster for The Birth of a Nation, which has been widely credited with inspiring the 20th-century revival of the Ku Klux Klan".The Birth of a Nation (originally called The Clansman)] is a 1915 American silent epic drama film directed by D. W. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish.

A 3rd wave of the KKK began in 1946 after WWII ended who were now fighting against the Civil Rights Movement. They haven't been stopped, but operate with a much smaller group consisting of about 5,000 to 8,000 Klanners.    They used their favorite violence and murder techniques against these people.
                                                       
GoodmanChaney, and Schwerner were three civil rights workers abducted and murdered by members of the Ku Klux Klan.The 1964 murders of James Chaney of Meridian, Mississippi, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner, both New York City Jews, three civil rights workers, in Mississippi. In June 2005, Klan member Edgar Ray Killen was convicted of manslaughter.   Jews helped Blacks a great deal throughout the Civil Rights Movement days.  They were discovered on August 4, 1964, 44 days after their murder, underneath an earthen dam on Burrage's farm. Schwerner and Goodman had each been shot once in the heart; Chaney, a black man, had been severely beaten, castrated and shot three times. 

"The second and third incarnations of the Ku Klux Klan made frequent references to America's "Anglo-Saxon" blood, hearkening back to 19th-century nativism.  Although members of the KKK swear to uphold Christian morality, the group is widely denounced by Christian denominations."  

Hatred for Jews is equally as bad as their hatred for Blacks.  "In 1995, Don Black and Chloê Hardin, the ex-wife of the KKK Grand Wizard David Duke, began a small bulletin board system (BBS) called Stormfront, which has become a prominent online forum for white nationalism, Neo-Nazism, hate speech, racism, and antisemitism in the early 21st century,.
Duke has an account on Stormfront which he uses to post articles from his own website. He also polls forum members for opinions and questions, in particular during his internet broadcasts. Duke has worked with Don Black on numerous projects including Operation Red Dog in 1980.
Many KKK groups have formed strong alliances with other white supremacist groups, such as neo-Nazis. Some KKK groups have become increasingly "nazified", adopting the look and emblems of white power skinheads.  In Germany, "Another German KKK-related group, the European White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, has organized and it gained notoriety in 2012 when the German media reported that two police officers who held membership in the organization would be allowed to keep their jobs."
"A list is maintained by the Jewish group of Anti-Defamation League (ADL) of 7 KKK groups

According to the laws of the United States, Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews had always been regarded as white, but many non-Jews around them questioned their whiteness. By mocking African-Americans through applying blackface, Jews more quickly assimilated into America’s colour-coded racial hierarchy.  
                                                      
The story line is that Young Jakie Rabinowitz (Bobby Gordon) loves jazz and ragtime, and wants to be a performer. But his father (Warner Oland) is a cantor, and he orders his son to carry on the family tradition. Jakie tries his hand anyway, only to be discovered by neighbor Moisha Yudelson (Otto Lederer) and kicked out of the house. A decade later, an older Jakie (Al Jolson) has followed his dream, changed his name and found love with performer Mary (May McAvoy), but he still wants to win his father over.
A Jew blackened his face for the movie, The Jazz Singer in 1927 when Al Jolson sang in blackface.  
Scholars are divided about the blackface scenes in The Jazz Singer. Some say by darkening Jolson, it showed sympathy and solidarity with African-Americans, implying that Jews too remained outsiders. Most, however, saw Jews donning blackface as a form of whitening themselves. I say, "Scholars, Shmalers, they did it because they thought it went along with his singing quality and liked it.  The movie was exceedingly popular.  
On Sep. 1, 1926, in Arlington, Va., a Jewish baseball squad, The Hebrew All Stars, played a game against the local chapter of the Klan. The All Stars met at the local Jewish community centre before the game, with a roster including players like Nate Sauber, Abe Povich (uncle of talk show host Maury), “Ikey” Dreyfus, and a ringer named Flaherty, almost certainly Irish Catholic. This was not the only baseball game between Jews and the KKK. Povich recalled another contest where the defeated KKK team chased the victorious Hebrews across the field with bats. Nonetheless, the fact that they could play at all suggests the liminality of American Jewish racial identity in the 1920s: worthy of the Klan’s hatred, but not as loathed as African-Americans.  
                                                              
It also turns out that the September, 1926 game between the Hebrews and the Klan wasn't the only time Abe Povich played against an anti-Semitic group.  Larry Povich, one of Abe's sons, reports that he was often told about a game against a group of racists that the Hebrews actually won.

Resource:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murders_of_Chaney,_Goodman,_and_Schwerner#:~:text=They%20were%20discovered%20on%20August,The%20identity%20of%20%22Mr.
https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/ku-klux-klan
https://www.pbs.org/jewishamericans/jewish_life/anti-semitism.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Frank
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2009/07/more-on-the-kkk-vs-hebrew-all-stars-baseball-game/21653/

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