Nadene Goldfoot
Palestine had been taken over by the Moslems. The Christian rulers in the Middle Ages could not stand for that being Jesus had been from there and the Romans had then become Christians, keeping a hold on the area. Then they moved their quarters to Constantinople. The Crusades were the wars waged by the Christian rulers to win it back.
This caused serious consequences for the Jews. In the first place, the Crusaders came from Europe and as they rode through to get to the Middle East, they slew Jews that they found. This happened especially in Northern France and especially in the Rhineland where massacres happened in many cities that had heavy Jewish populations such as Mainz, Worms, Speyer, Cologne, etc. Similar attacked happened in Prague and later in Salonica where the reports of the Crusade started a messianic ferment.
1096-1099 The First Crusade: was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095. Urban called for a military expedition to aid the Byzantine Empire, which had recently lost most of Anatolia to the Seljuq Turks.
1099: Jerusalem was captured:
1147-1149 Second Crusade: 50 years later: This was organized to come to the aid of the Crusading Kingdom so similar outbreaks took place in France and the Rhineland as the results of the actions of a monk called Rudolf. The Crusaders were restricted in scale through the humanitarian efforts of Bernard of Clairvaux. When the Crusade began, the Pope urged that the debts of crusaders to the Jews should be remitted, and this became a regular demand on such occasions.
1187 Saludin regains Jerusalem:
1189-1192 Third Crusade: 40 years later: For the first time, this crusade had wide support in England. It led to preliminary attacks by the crusaders on the Jews in many places, especially in York in 1190. Later, the crusades involved the Jews only incidently through the next crusade.
1200-1204 Sacking Constantinople
1212 Children's Crusade: was a failed popular crusade by European Christians to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims, said to have taken place in 1212. ... Many children were tricked by merchants and sailed over to what they thought were the holy lands but, in reality, were slave markets.
Shepherds' Crusade in 1320: Fourth Crusade: 128 years later: This resulted in widespread attacks on the Jews in southern France and northern Spain. The crusades may be said to have begun the age of unmitigated suffering for medieval Jewry.
Spanish Crusade: 1100-1492 Spanish Inquisition: forcing Jews to either convert to Catholicism or leave the country with the result of breaking this law-death.
Through their achievements, the Crusaders gave the impetus to the Italian maritime republics and to international intercourse in helping to displace the Jewish merchants from their former favored position and so stimulated the economic decline of the Jews.
On the other hand, the demand for credit on the part of the participants stimulated Jewish financial operations in some countries of Europe.
PS from Victor:
Resource:
Saxons, Vikings, and Celts by Bryan Sykes: The genetic roots of Britain and Ireland
Origins of the British by Stephen Oppenheimer; The new prehistory of Britain and Ireland from ice-age hunter gatherers to the Vikings as revealed by DNA analysis
The Tribes of Britain by David Miles: Who are we? and where do we come from?
Wikipedia
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| Crusaders fighting the Moslems |
Palestine had been taken over by the Moslems. The Christian rulers in the Middle Ages could not stand for that being Jesus had been from there and the Romans had then become Christians, keeping a hold on the area. Then they moved their quarters to Constantinople. The Crusades were the wars waged by the Christian rulers to win it back.
This caused serious consequences for the Jews. In the first place, the Crusaders came from Europe and as they rode through to get to the Middle East, they slew Jews that they found. This happened especially in Northern France and especially in the Rhineland where massacres happened in many cities that had heavy Jewish populations such as Mainz, Worms, Speyer, Cologne, etc. Similar attacked happened in Prague and later in Salonica where the reports of the Crusade started a messianic ferment.
1096-1099 The First Crusade: was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095. Urban called for a military expedition to aid the Byzantine Empire, which had recently lost most of Anatolia to the Seljuq Turks.
1099: Jerusalem was captured:
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| Godfrey, king of Jerusalem Godfrey of Bouillon was one of the German leaders of the First Crusade. He was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1099 to 1100. He is also known as the "baron of the Holy Sepulchre" and the "crusader king". |
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| Siege of Jerusalem |
1187 Saludin regains Jerusalem:
1189-1192 Third Crusade: 40 years later: For the first time, this crusade had wide support in England. It led to preliminary attacks by the crusaders on the Jews in many places, especially in York in 1190. Later, the crusades involved the Jews only incidently through the next crusade.
1200-1204 Sacking Constantinople
1212 Children's Crusade: was a failed popular crusade by European Christians to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims, said to have taken place in 1212. ... Many children were tricked by merchants and sailed over to what they thought were the holy lands but, in reality, were slave markets.
Shepherds' Crusade in 1320: Fourth Crusade: 128 years later: This resulted in widespread attacks on the Jews in southern France and northern Spain. The crusades may be said to have begun the age of unmitigated suffering for medieval Jewry.
Spanish Crusade: 1100-1492 Spanish Inquisition: forcing Jews to either convert to Catholicism or leave the country with the result of breaking this law-death.
 |
| A Crusader ship with supplies |
On the other hand, the demand for credit on the part of the participants stimulated Jewish financial operations in some countries of Europe.
PS from Victor:
In 1099, the Christians (aka the Crusaders) captured Jerusalem and immediately herded the Jewish community into the largest synagogue in the city, locked the doors, and set the building alight.
They then marched around the burning synagogue singing "Christ we adore thee" to the terrible screams of agony from the dying Jewish men, women, children and babies.
That is known as "Christian love."
Saxons, Vikings, and Celts by Bryan Sykes: The genetic roots of Britain and Ireland
Origins of the British by Stephen Oppenheimer; The new prehistory of Britain and Ireland from ice-age hunter gatherers to the Vikings as revealed by DNA analysis
The Tribes of Britain by David Miles: Who are we? and where do we come from?
Wikipedia
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