Nadene Goldfoot
Eastern Europe was sort of like our last place available for refuge from anti-Semitic countries. Lithuania allowed Jews into their country in the 800s. Jews would be invited because they were needed for their special skills in mathematics, economics, trading, language, etc and usually would be given the ungainly and undesirable financial job positions in a country, and then they would kick them out. Money lending, something others wouldn't think of doing as it was socially and religiously beneath them to do, was reserved for Jews. More often than not, pogroms were started and Jews would be attacked and killed because of Jewish hatred, never for any known reason. Jews have been considered the scape-goats of society wherever that society has been. Golda Meir born in 1898 escaped from Russia and came to the USA in 1906 from a pogrom. My own paternal softa (grandmother) whom we called our Bubbie had her legs broken in a pogrom when young. The movie, Fiddler on the Roof depicted many aspects of eastern European Jewish life, including Socialism and Communism's beginnings.
Socialistic movements finally entered into the world of kings and czars and dictators, so according to country and dates, Jews would get involved.
19th century France had brothers Pereire who were conspicuous in the Sain-Simonian movement 1760-1825. "Saint-Simon seems to have foreseen the European Union, expecting however that England would take the lead in forming a continent sharing the same laws and institutions." Saint-Simon projected a society bypassing the changes of the French Revolution, in which science and industry would take the moral and temporal power of medieval theocracy.
"The Pereire brothers were prominent 19th-century financiers in Paris, France, who were rivals of the Rothschilds. Like the Rothschilds, they were Jews, but unlike them the Pereire brothers were Sephardi Jews of Portuguese origin.
Karl Marx (1818–1883) Karl Marx was the foremost Socialist intellectual. His work Das Capital formed the basis of Marxism. With Frederich Engels, he published The Communist Manifesto, a radical agenda for Communist revolution. Karl Marx was born 5 May 1818, in Trier in western Germany. His father was a successful lawyer who had converted from Judaism to Christianity in order to help his law career. It would have been due to anti-Semitism.
So far, the Pereire brothers, as I see them, were not practicing Socialism at all but were entrepreneurs fitting right into Democracy. So what is socialism? It is a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution and exchange should be OWNED or REGULATED by the community as a whole. Synonyms of this theory is LEFTISM AND WELFARISM. The community as a whole would be our government. It's very similar to communism. In the traditional Marxist theory, it's a transitional social state of being between the OVERTHROW OF CAPITALISM and the REALIZATION OF COMMUNISM. The top 10 countries of socialism are: China, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Ireland, New Zealand and Belgium.
The USA is a Democratic Capitalistic country. Capitalism is: an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. Synonyms are: free enterprise, private enterprise, the free market, enterprise culture.
Countries practicing Socialism means: A socialist country is one that advocates collective or governmental ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods. Israel's kibbutz movement and development had to go socialist to survive. The rest of the country is not, except possibly part of its own medicare program. They had several ways for people to follow in procuring and paying for medical care suitable to one's pocketbook. Israel is a leader in start up businesses.
One thing to understand: " The thinking can go from being utopian socialist thinkers to leaders of Communist states. Socialists generally believe in forming a society where resources are more equitably distributed. This often involves common ownership of the means of production. Within socialism there are different strands. The biggest divergence is between democratic socialists and the one-party Communist states of the Soviet Union and China."
In Great Britain, the Socialist movement was insignificant. and Jews were insignificant leaders.
The Socialist movements of Germany, Austria, Russia were another matter for Jews here became important leaders. There was Moses Hess, Ferdinand Lassalle, and converted Jews such as Karl Marx. Eduard Bernstein was the spiritual father of German revisionism, and was Jewish. Austria had Victor Adler an Otto Bauer, leaders of Social Democracy. Russia had Jews who were prominent in both the Menshevik and Bolshevik leaderships.
Charles Fourier, an anti-Semite, regretted that the Jews were granted civil equality and proposed disciminatory measures against them. Then there was Pierre Joseph Proudhon who thought that the Jewish people personified intellectual incapacity, parasitism and lust for domination. Socialism has gone from being created with Jewish ideals and then Jews were despised anyway and not included in the movement.
In the 1860s, a new variety of socialist Jew-hatred appeared: racial anti-Semtism, 1st started by the Blanquists, and later by the Fourieris epigones. Germany's great socialists were biased against the Jewish people. Lassalle, in his early years, showed some attachment to Judaism but developed Jew-hatred, as his anti-Jewish statements were almost all made in private, he thought. As with Karl Marx, there was no restraint. Throughout his life he never stopped to be an anti-Semite, as is clearly shown in his published writings as well as in his private correspondence. Engels was heard saying anti-Semitic diatribes during more than 30 years but noted the danger which anti-Semitism involves, so for socialism, he changed his attitude.
Maybe that's because many of his peers were Jews, yes, even the socialist anti-Semites. Marx, Lassalle, Victor Adler and Bernard Lazare. in his early stages of his career, were all Jews.
THE JEWISH QUESTION was discussed at the International Socialist Congress in Brussels in 1891. Abraham Cahan, who represented the Hebrew Trades of New York, asked the Congress to vote a declaration of sympathy for the Jewish workers. The Congress rejected his motion and voted instead a resolution condemning both "anti-Semitic and philo-Semitic excitations (excitement) ."
"Philo-Semitism (also spelled philosemitism) or Judeophilia is an interest in, respect for and an appreciation of Jewish people, their history and the influence of Judaism, particularly on the part of a gentile." In other words, the1891 International Socialist Congress did condemn anti-Semitism but also condemned an appreciation for the Jewish people as well!
At the end of the 19th Century, anti-Semitism inside the Socialist movement of Western Europe became very weak but remained fairly strong in Eastern European countries. During World War I, the Socialist International changed its attitude toward the Jewish people and became increasingly friendly toward the Jewish cause. It finally recognized the Jews as a nationality and their right to create a national center in Palestine in 1919. This is interesting as the British Balfour Declaration in 1917 at the war's end.
Some of the most prominent members of the International gave moral support to Zionism. The Jewish Socialist attitude to the Jewish problem can be divided historically into 4 outlooks:
1. The Assimilationist: This was adopted by Jewish communists (who were atheists anyway) who held that all Jewish problems would be solved automatically by the dictatorship of the proletariat. Later, special attention began to be paid to Jewish problems-partly on a territorial basis, but never on a basis of Jewish independence. see BIROBIDIAN.
2. The Ter-ritorialist: the Jewish masses required productivization to create socialism, so an autonomous territory was necessary. This plan, flourishing from 1904-1914, virtually disappeared after 1917's end of WWI, except for brief resurgences.
3. The Bundist: They thought that Jewish problems would be solved with the general Socialist (Social-Democratic) revolution in each land, but cultural Jewish (mostly Yiddishist) Autonomy was favored. Their sister organization and ally was the Seymist viewoint, which advocated Jewish local autonomy based on reprsentative councils. Both view died between the World Wars.
4. The Zionist Socialist who stressed national territorial concentration and economic productivization in Palestine (ancient Israel-Judah), today's Israel. as a prerequisite of socialism. "Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisrelit (help. info)), commonly known as HaAvoda (Hebrew: הָעֲבוֹדָה) or workers party, is a social democratic and Zionist political party in Israel. ... The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance and an observer member of the Party of European Socialists.
Then there's Bernie Sanders, 6 feet tall who ran for the presidency and everyone knew he was a socialist born 1941 who ran on the Independent Party. What's shocking is that he was so popular for such an old guy, being he ran at age 75! "Sanders is a self-described democratic socialist, and progressive who admires the Nordic model of social democracy and has been a proponent of workplace democracy." His father, Elias Ben Yehuda Sanders, was born in Słopnice, Galicia in Austria-Hungary (now part of Poland), to a Jewish family; in 1921, Elias immigrated to the United States, where he became a paint salesman. His mother, Dorothy "Dora" Sanders (née Glassberg), was born in New York City to Jewish immigrant parents from Poland and Russia. Bernie was born in Brooklyn, and had lived on a kibbutz for a short period, not liking it, I figure, as he has not been a backer of Israel in politics when it counts.
" in 1963 working on Kibbutz Sha’ar Ha’amakim, near Haifa in northern Israel, as a guest of the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement." It was a socialist kibbutz, too. An article in a socialist paper also commented "after spending time (several months) on the kibbutz with his wife (Deborah Shiling Messing,) at that time, Mr. Sanders seems to have lost his connection “to Israel, Zionism and Judaism,” Whatever happened to him? He was only there for several months. I lived in Israel in Haifa and Safed for over 5 years and was just getting the feeling of it, though not on a kibbutz. I was a teacher for the city, like I had been in Oregon.
Bernie has commented that it's wrong that there are amazon workers on food stamps and the owner is the richest man in the world, Jeff Bezos. Actually, is there really a comparison in the responsibility of these two comparisons? Evidently Jeff isn't worthy of that much money according to Bernie which should be going to the workers instead.
"Jeffrey Preston Bezos is an American technology entrepreneur, investor, philanthropist, and the founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Amazon, the world's largest online retailer." Wouldn't his boxers be making a minimum wage?
Resource: The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia: Socialism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Simonianism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9reire_brothers
https://www.biographyonline.net/people/famous/socialists.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fourier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Sanders
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/06/us/politics/bernie-sanders-kibbutz.html
https://www.quora.com/Is-Germany-a-socialist-or-capitalist-country
https://www.snopes.com/news/2017/09/05/were-nazis-socialists/
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| Ashkenazi Jews are a small group of people in the world, -.02% of the world population are Jews; Ashkenazis, Sephardi and Mizrachi. Yet we find leadership in many fields are filled by Jews, even in Socialism. |
Socialistic movements finally entered into the world of kings and czars and dictators, so according to country and dates, Jews would get involved.
 |
| Emile Pereire b: 1800 and Isaac Pereire b: 1806 founded a business conglomerate that included creating the Crédit Mobilier bank. It became a powerful funding agency, but by 1866 they had a gigantic crisis where their bank never recovered. Isaac had a son, Eurgene. Eugène's granddaughter Noémie Halphen married banking competitor, Maurice de Rothschild. |
"The Pereire brothers were prominent 19th-century financiers in Paris, France, who were rivals of the Rothschilds. Like the Rothschilds, they were Jews, but unlike them the Pereire brothers were Sephardi Jews of Portuguese origin.
Karl Marx (1818–1883) Karl Marx was the foremost Socialist intellectual. His work Das Capital formed the basis of Marxism. With Frederich Engels, he published The Communist Manifesto, a radical agenda for Communist revolution. Karl Marx was born 5 May 1818, in Trier in western Germany. His father was a successful lawyer who had converted from Judaism to Christianity in order to help his law career. It would have been due to anti-Semitism. |
| Quite a trio; Lenin, Engels, Marx |
So far, the Pereire brothers, as I see them, were not practicing Socialism at all but were entrepreneurs fitting right into Democracy. So what is socialism? It is a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution and exchange should be OWNED or REGULATED by the community as a whole. Synonyms of this theory is LEFTISM AND WELFARISM. The community as a whole would be our government. It's very similar to communism. In the traditional Marxist theory, it's a transitional social state of being between the OVERTHROW OF CAPITALISM and the REALIZATION OF COMMUNISM. The top 10 countries of socialism are: China, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Ireland, New Zealand and Belgium.
The USA is a Democratic Capitalistic country. Capitalism is: an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. Synonyms are: free enterprise, private enterprise, the free market, enterprise culture.
 |
| It must be remembered that Nazi Germany had their National Socialist German Workers Party; it was one and the same thing. We can see Germany today as a country where almost 40% of all citizens live completely or at least predominantly off state benefits and where the whole life of its citizens is controlled and overrun by governmental regulation.The Nazis were left-wing socialists. Yes, the National Socialist Workers Party of Germany, otherwise known as the Nazi Party, was indeed socialist and it had a lot in common with the modern left. (from Snopes) This should give us all the shudders. |
One thing to understand: " The thinking can go from being utopian socialist thinkers to leaders of Communist states. Socialists generally believe in forming a society where resources are more equitably distributed. This often involves common ownership of the means of production. Within socialism there are different strands. The biggest divergence is between democratic socialists and the one-party Communist states of the Soviet Union and China."
In Great Britain, the Socialist movement was insignificant. and Jews were insignificant leaders.
 |
| Young Moses Hess 1846 |
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| Moses Hess Moses Hess was a French-Jewish philosopher and a founder of Labor Zionism. His socialist theories, predicated on racial struggle, led to conflict with Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. Born in 1812, Bonn, Germany, died in 1875 in Paris, France. |
There were Jews who were important socialists and anarchists who at one time or another fought against the persecution of Jews. Some were against political anti-Semitism, although some were not completely free themselves of anti-Jewish bias. I see this happening today as well. As hard as it may seem, a number of great socialists showed a hostile attitude toward the Jews because they considered all Jews to be an incarnation of social parasitism.
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| Socialist anti-Semite Francois Marie Charles Fourier b: 1772 in Besancon, France, created word, feminism; one of founders of utopian socialism son of a small businessman, was left with a lot of money he used for travel. I note that under socialism that business would have been controlled by the government and he would not have inherited money to use as he wished. He failed to follow through with engineering studies-said "it would have consumed too much of his time and taken away from his true desire to help humanity." Said like a true flower-child of the 1960s. Women could be unleashed but not the Jews. He was a French social theorist who advocated a reconstruction of society based on communal associations of producers known as phalanges (phalanxes). His system came to be known as Fourierism. From what I've heard about China, they are a perfect example of this; homes surrounding the factory, walking or biking to work...His theory is thatSociety as a whole, therefore, should own or at least control property for the benefit of all its members. This conviction puts socialism in opposition to capitalism, which is based on private enterprise. |
In the 1860s, a new variety of socialist Jew-hatred appeared: racial anti-Semtism, 1st started by the Blanquists, and later by the Fourieris epigones. Germany's great socialists were biased against the Jewish people. Lassalle, in his early years, showed some attachment to Judaism but developed Jew-hatred, as his anti-Jewish statements were almost all made in private, he thought. As with Karl Marx, there was no restraint. Throughout his life he never stopped to be an anti-Semite, as is clearly shown in his published writings as well as in his private correspondence. Engels was heard saying anti-Semitic diatribes during more than 30 years but noted the danger which anti-Semitism involves, so for socialism, he changed his attitude.
Maybe that's because many of his peers were Jews, yes, even the socialist anti-Semites. Marx, Lassalle, Victor Adler and Bernard Lazare. in his early stages of his career, were all Jews.
ANTI-SEMITISM IN FRANCE
A young French Jewish captain, Alfred Dreyfus, who served on the French general staff in 1894, was accused of selling secret documents to Germany
and he was innocent, accused because he was Jewish. This was the climate
of those days.
THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT was almost always officially opposed to political anti-Semitism. As is today, anti-Semitic trends existed not only among individual socialists but also in Socialist parties, organizations, and in the Socialist press. The leading Socialist organ was La Revue Socialiste which frequently printed anti-Jewish material in the 1880s and 1890s. The same anti-Semitic attitude was found in other counties as well, traveling like a raging epidemic. There were Anti-Jewish trends within the International Association of Workngmen and was mainly represented by Bakunin and some of his friends. The Narodnaya Volya issued a proclamation in 1881, urging the masses to revolt against the "Jewish Czar," the Jews, and the nobles.
THE JEWISH QUESTION was discussed at the International Socialist Congress in Brussels in 1891. Abraham Cahan, who represented the Hebrew Trades of New York, asked the Congress to vote a declaration of sympathy for the Jewish workers. The Congress rejected his motion and voted instead a resolution condemning both "anti-Semitic and philo-Semitic excitations (excitement) ."
"Philo-Semitism (also spelled philosemitism) or Judeophilia is an interest in, respect for and an appreciation of Jewish people, their history and the influence of Judaism, particularly on the part of a gentile." In other words, the1891 International Socialist Congress did condemn anti-Semitism but also condemned an appreciation for the Jewish people as well!
At the end of the 19th Century, anti-Semitism inside the Socialist movement of Western Europe became very weak but remained fairly strong in Eastern European countries. During World War I, the Socialist International changed its attitude toward the Jewish people and became increasingly friendly toward the Jewish cause. It finally recognized the Jews as a nationality and their right to create a national center in Palestine in 1919. This is interesting as the British Balfour Declaration in 1917 at the war's end.
Some of the most prominent members of the International gave moral support to Zionism. The Jewish Socialist attitude to the Jewish problem can be divided historically into 4 outlooks:
1. The Assimilationist: This was adopted by Jewish communists (who were atheists anyway) who held that all Jewish problems would be solved automatically by the dictatorship of the proletariat. Later, special attention began to be paid to Jewish problems-partly on a territorial basis, but never on a basis of Jewish independence. see BIROBIDIAN.
2. The Ter-ritorialist: the Jewish masses required productivization to create socialism, so an autonomous territory was necessary. This plan, flourishing from 1904-1914, virtually disappeared after 1917's end of WWI, except for brief resurgences.
3. The Bundist: They thought that Jewish problems would be solved with the general Socialist (Social-Democratic) revolution in each land, but cultural Jewish (mostly Yiddishist) Autonomy was favored. Their sister organization and ally was the Seymist viewoint, which advocated Jewish local autonomy based on reprsentative councils. Both view died between the World Wars.
4. The Zionist Socialist who stressed national territorial concentration and economic productivization in Palestine (ancient Israel-Judah), today's Israel. as a prerequisite of socialism. "Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisrelit (help. info)), commonly known as HaAvoda (Hebrew: הָעֲבוֹדָה) or workers party, is a social democratic and Zionist political party in Israel. ... The party is a member of the Progressive Alliance and an observer member of the Party of European Socialists.
Then there's Bernie Sanders, 6 feet tall who ran for the presidency and everyone knew he was a socialist born 1941 who ran on the Independent Party. What's shocking is that he was so popular for such an old guy, being he ran at age 75! "Sanders is a self-described democratic socialist, and progressive who admires the Nordic model of social democracy and has been a proponent of workplace democracy." His father, Elias Ben Yehuda Sanders, was born in Słopnice, Galicia in Austria-Hungary (now part of Poland), to a Jewish family; in 1921, Elias immigrated to the United States, where he became a paint salesman. His mother, Dorothy "Dora" Sanders (née Glassberg), was born in New York City to Jewish immigrant parents from Poland and Russia. Bernie was born in Brooklyn, and had lived on a kibbutz for a short period, not liking it, I figure, as he has not been a backer of Israel in politics when it counts.
 |
| kibbutz of Sha'ar Ha'amakim, Israel pictured is their nursing home facility overlooking Mt. Carmel |
Bernie has commented that it's wrong that there are amazon workers on food stamps and the owner is the richest man in the world, Jeff Bezos. Actually, is there really a comparison in the responsibility of these two comparisons? Evidently Jeff isn't worthy of that much money according to Bernie which should be going to the workers instead.
"Jeffrey Preston Bezos is an American technology entrepreneur, investor, philanthropist, and the founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Amazon, the world's largest online retailer." Wouldn't his boxers be making a minimum wage?
Resource: The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia: Socialism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Simonianism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9reire_brothers
https://www.biographyonline.net/people/famous/socialists.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fourier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie_Sanders
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/06/us/politics/bernie-sanders-kibbutz.html
https://www.quora.com/Is-Germany-a-socialist-or-capitalist-country
https://www.snopes.com/news/2017/09/05/were-nazis-socialists/
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